Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 353 



S. noctilio F., Xeris sp. This species is adventive in New Zealand, there parasitizing 



Sirex noctilio, which is adventive from Europe. Subsequently, R. lineolata was 



introduced in Australia for control of S. noctilio. 

 Cryptocentnim lineolatum Kirby, 1837. In Richardson, Swainson, and Kirby, Fauna Bor. 



Amer., v. 4, p. 260. i. 

 Rhyssa albomaculata Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 318. 9. 



Taxonomy: Morley, 1909. Entomologist 42: 133. — Morley, 1910. Entomologist 43: 243. 

 — Zondag and Nuttall, 1961. New Zeal. Ent. 2 (6): 40-44 (identity and origin of New 

 Zealand population). 



Biology: Gardiner, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 95-97 (oviposition). 



Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 733. 

 persuasoria persuasoria (Linnaeus). Newfoundland (insular) s. to Ga., w. to B. C. and Calif.; 

 Eurasia; New Zealand, Australia. Host: Sirex areolatus (Cr.), S. noctilio F., Xeris sp., 

 Syntexis libocedHi Rohwer. Sirex noctilio was the target species for the successful 

 introductions of R. p. persuasoria into New Zealand and Australia from Europe, but the 

 other host records are North American. Two Himalayan subspecies of R. persuasoria 

 are recognized by Kamath and Gupta (1971). 



Ichnetimon persuasorius Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, v. 1, p. 562. 9. 



Ichneumon camelus Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Cam., p. 282. sex ? 



Rhyssa marginalis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 79. 9. 



Rhyssa lineolata Kriechbaumer, 1887. Ent. Nachr. 13: 81. 9. Uncertain syn. which is 

 preocc. by Kirby, 1837. 



Taxonomy: Kamath and Gupta, 1971. Oriental Ins. Monog. 2: 14 (key to subspecies). 

 — Spradbury and Radkowsky, 1974. Bui. Ent. Res. 64: 653-668 (geog. variation). 



Biology: Franke, 1959. Photographie u. Forsch. 8: 1-9 (oviposition). — Ozols, 1962. Latvijas 

 Ent. 5: 29-40. —Klein, 1965. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 56: 224. —Morgan and Stewart, 1966. 

 Roy. Soc. New Zeal. (Zool.), Trans. 8: 31-38 (habits and life history). —Hocking, 1968. 

 Australian Ent. Soc, Jour. 7: 1-5. —Spradbury, 1970. Animal Behavior 18: 103-114 (host 

 finding). 

 ponderosae Townes. Calif. Host: Sirex areolatus (Cr.). 



Rhyssa ponderosae Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216 (pt. 

 2): 401. 6, 9. 



Genus RHYSSELLA Rohwer 



Rhyssella Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 422. 

 Type-species: Rhyssa nitida Cresson. Orig. desig. 



Members of this genus parasitize Siricoidea which bore in hardwood trees or bushes and may 

 be host specific to Xiphidriidae. 



humida (Say). Maine s. to Ga., w. to Minn, and Miss. Host: Xiphidria abdominalis Say, X. 

 tibialis Say. 

 Pimpla huyyiida Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 224. 9. 



nitida (Cresson). Maine s. to Ga., w. to B. C. Host: Xiphidria canadensis Prov., X. maculata 

 Say. 

 Rhyssa nitida Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. PhDa., Proc. 3: 319. 6. 

 Rhyssa canadensis Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 35. 9. 

 Epirhyssa clavata Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 115. 



Biology: Kaston, 1937. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 396: 359. 



Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 733. 



Genus MEGARHYSSA Ashmead 



Thalessa Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forhandl. 16: 122. Preocc. 

 by Adams, 1853. 



