484 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Thunberg on i^ey p. 271 (v. 8, 1822) and text p. 340 (v. 9, 1824). Although Thunberg 

 never indicated that any of his names were replacement names until he cited the names 

 being replaced in his 1824 text, it is imperative that we accept the fact that the 

 renamed species (such as P. mediator Fabricius) were included in Ichneumon by 

 Thunberg in his 1822 key. Otherwise, the numerous replacement names proposed in the 

 key must instead be treated as proposals of new species. The only practical course is to 

 continue to treat Thunberg's (1822; 1824) replacement names as such, particularly in 

 view of the fact that most of them have been unavailable because they were 

 unnecessarily proposed. Without having heard the foregoing argument. Dr. H. K. 

 Townes informed me (personal commun., 1975) that he would consider /. mediator 

 Thunberg to be available were it not for the fact that the combination /. mediator 

 (Fabricius) had been published by Jurine in 1807. I am not certain that the latter would 

 have any bearing on the question. 



Hemitelen liiteolafor Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 826. cJ, 9. 



Orthopelma minutum Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 416. 9. The type 

 locality is Jamaica Plain, Mass. (not "Jamaica Plains, New York," as stated by Ashmead). 



Orthopelwa romecola Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 417. 6, 9. Notes in 

 the U. S. Natl. Museum indicate that the syntypes were reared from a cynipid gall on 

 rose sent to Washington, D. C. by H. K. Morrison, Ft. Grant, Ariz. 



Orthopelma fhoinpsoni Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 157. 6,9. 



Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 267, 292. 

 occidentale Ashmead. Southwestern Wyo. Host: Diplolepis similis (Ash.). 



Orthopelma occidentale Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 417. 6. 

 ovale (Provancher). Que., Alta. 



Hemiteles omlis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 332. 6,9. 



Subfamily ICHNEUMONINAE 



The Ichneumoninae is the second largest of ichneumonid subfamilies (only the Cryptinae 

 being larger). The species are all internal parasites of Lepidoptera. The females of some species 

 oviposit into larvae and some into fresh pupae, but the progeny always emerge from the pupa. 

 The sexual dimorphism in structure and color is often marked, but the differences between spe- 

 cies often are subtle, which not infrequently causes difficulty in identification and association of 

 the sexes. 



Historically, the Ichneumoninae have been divided into categories having names that were not 

 derived from those of included genera. The names cyclopneusticae and particularly stenop- 

 neusticae are two which persist to some extent in current literature. The cyclopneusticae is com- 

 posed of the Alomyini and Phaeogenini, while the stenopneusticae includes the remainder of the 

 tribes of Ichneumoninae. The species of cyclopneusticae are parasites of microlepidoptera, while 

 those of stenopneusticae generally parasitize macrolepidoptera. Accordingly, the species of 

 cyclopneusticae are generally smaller than those of stenopneusticae. 



Heinrich (1961-1962) published a revision of the stenopneusticae which applies mostly to 

 northeastern North America. Many of the subspecies recognized or described in that work or its 

 supplements (Heinrich, 1969-1976) are not recognized here, often because they merely represent 

 ends and intermediate portions of clines. In some cases synonymy of these subspecific names is 

 based upon specimens in the U. S. National Museum collection. In a few cases, subspecies are 

 placed in synonymy because they are based upon too few specimens to demonstrate that they 

 deserve recognition (particularly when there is no zoogeographical reason for expecting sub- 

 speciation). 



Revision: Heinrich, 1961-1962 (Phaeogenini excluded). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 1-87 (1961 

 [I960]); 18: 89-205 (1961 [I960]); 21: 207-368 (1961); 23: 369-505 (1961); 26: 507-671 (1962); 

 27: 675-802 (1962); 29: 803-886 (1962). -Peck, 1964. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 35: 887-925 

 (addenda, corrigenda, host-parasite list, and indices for Heinrich, 1961-1962). —Heinrich, 

 1969-1976. Nat. Canad. 96: 935-963 (1969); 98: 959-1026 (1971); 99: 173-211 (1972); 100: 

 461-465 (1973); 102: 753-782 (1976) (supplements to Heinrich, 1961-1962). 



Taxonomy: Dasch, 1971. Ohio Jour. Sci. 71: 279-283 (key to stenopneusticae found 

 overwintering as adult females, particularly in Ohio). 



