Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 749 



pollinate and thus to improve the quality of cultivated edible figs. Ten years of effort 



were required before this insect was successfully established. Fig wasp. 

 Cyyiips Psenes Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., sd. 10, p. 554. Norn, nud., but validated by 



Opinion 694, Internatl. Comn. Zool. Nomencl., 1964. 

 Cynips Psenes Linnaeus, 1767. Syst. Natl., ed. 12, torn. 1, pars 2, p. 919. 

 Blastophaga grossorum Gravenhorst, 1829. Beitr. Ent., besonders in Bezug auf die Schles. 



Fauna, v. 1, pp. 27-29. 



Taxonomy: Condit and Enderud, 1956. Hilgardia 25: 64-85, 616 (bibliography on 

 caprification). 



Biology: Grandi, 1929. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di Ent., Bel. 2: 1-145. — Quayle, 1938. Insects 

 of Citrus and other Subtropical Fruits, pp. 408-416. — Buscalioni and Grandi, 1938. R. 

 Univ. Bologna, 1st. Ent., Bol. 10: 245-266. -Joseph, 1954. Agra Univ., Jour. Res. (Sci.) 3: 

 408. —Grandi, 1955. Accad. Naz. dei Lincei, Atti, Mem., CI. Sci., (8) 5: 3. —Grandi, 1956. 

 Univ. Bologna, 1st. Ent., Bol. 21: 111. — Mrak, 1957. Food Tech. 11: 547. — Kuttamathiathu, 

 1958. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. et Biol. Anim., (11) 20: 201. — Serafimova, 1965. Akad. na Selsk. 

 Nauki. Gradinar., Nauka 2: 269. 



Morphology: Grandi, 1929. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di Ent., Bol. 2: 1-145. 



Genus BLASTOPHAGA Subgenus SECUNDEISENIA Schuiz 



Eisenia Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 233. Preocc. by Malm, 1877, and Vaillant, 

 1889. 



Type-species: Eisenia mexicana Ashmead. Orig. desig. 

 Eiseniella Ashmead, 1906. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 8: 31. N. name. Preocc. by Michaelsen, 



1900. 

 Secundeisenia Schuiz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 146. N. name for Eisenia Ashmead. 

 Pegoscapus Cameron, 1906. Estac. Centr. Agron. Cuba, Prim. Informe, An., p. 275. 



Type-species: Pegoscapiis longiceps Cameron. Monotypic. 

 Allopade Strand, 1911. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 77: 210. N. name for Eisenia Ashmead. 

 Blastophaga subg. Valentinella Grandi, 1919. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 13: 18, 25. 



Type-species: Valentinella estherae Grandi, Desig. by Gahan and Fagan, 1923. 

 Blastophaga subg. Valentiniella Grandi, 1928. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di Ent., Bol. 1: 69. 

 Emend. 



Taxonomy: Hill, 1967. Figs of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Univ. Press, p. 91. 

 mexicana (Ashmead). Fla.; West Indies, Mexico. Host: Ficus aurea, F. laevigata. 

 Eisenia mexicana Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 233. 9. 



Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 315. 



Biology: Butcher, 1964. Fla. Ent. 47: 235-238. 



Subfamily IDARNINAE 



By E. E. Grissell 



Members of this subfamily are not well known taxonomically or biologically. All have been 

 reared from the receptacles of Ficus, but little exact biological information is available. Known 

 biologies indicate these wasps are parasitic upon pollinating Agaoninae. 



Genus COLYOSTICHUS Mayr 



Colyostichus Mayr, 1885. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 35: 157-158, 237. 



Type-species: Colyostichus longicauda Mayr. Desig. by Ashmead, 1904. 

 brevicaudis Mayr. Fla. Host: Ficus altissima. 



Colyostichus brevicaudis Mayr, 1885. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 35: 239. 9. 



Taxonomy: Butcher, 1964. Fla. Ent. 47: 237 (in key). 



