734 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Taxonomy: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 246. — Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, 

 Mem. 11: 540 (syn.). —Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Agr. Monog. 2: 343. — Rossem, 1974. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 117: 278-279 (syn.). 



Subfamily ORTHOCENTRINAE 



The size of this subfamily is moderate; although only seven genera are currently recognized, 

 three of them are large and two are moderately large. According to Townes (1971) most of the 

 species occurring outside the Holarctic Region are undescribed. Some of the species synonymy 

 indicated in the unpublished revision of Smith (1958) was pubhshed by Smith (1965); in cases 

 where they appear reliable unpublished species synonymies and changes in species nomencla- 

 ture indicated by Smith in her dissertation are published here (the majority of which involve 

 types in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection). Mycetophilidae are apparently the usual hosts. 



Revision: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 219-226. —Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. 

 Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., 373 

 pp., 8 pi. (261 figs.). 



Taxonomy: Smith, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 398, 399, 

 400, 401, 402, 403. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 208-216 (genera of world). 



Genus ORTHOCENTRUS Gravenhorst 



Orthocentnis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 358. 



Type-species: Orthocentnis fiilvipes (jravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840. 

 Tapmops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 160. 



Type-species: Orthocentrus califomicus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from 

 inclusion by Ashmead, 1896. 

 Atmetus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 160. 



Type-species: Atnietus tetrazonatus Ashmead. Desig. by Viereck, 1914, from three 

 species included by Ashmead, 1896. 

 Phaenosemus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 160. 



Type-species: Phaenosemus sHkensis Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from 

 inclusion by Ashmead, 1902. 

 Exochiscus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 96. 



Type-species: Exochiscus pusillus Walsh. Monotypic. 

 Pachyonyx Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 100. Nomen nudum (published in 



synonymy). 

 Pachyonyx Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 108. Preocc. by Schoenherr, 1837. 



Type-species: Orthocentrus trifasciatus Walsh. Monotypic and orig. desig. 

 Orthocentrellus Benoit, 1954. Rev. de Zool. et de Bot. Africaines 50: 1. 



Type-species: Orthocentrellus elongaticomis Benoit. Monotypic and orig. desig. 



This large genus is worldwide in distribution. According to Townes (1971) it includes most of 

 the larger species of the subfamily. 



Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 211-212. 

 asper (Gravenhorst). Que. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to S. C, Kans., Colo., Ariz., and Calif.; 

 Europe. 

 Exochus asper Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 694. [female]. 

 Orthocentrus discolor Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 332. 



6, 9. 

 Phaenosemus sitkensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 231. S. 



Taxonomy: Pfankuch, 1913. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (for 1913), p. 180 (syn.). -Townes, 1971. 

 Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 209 (syn.). 

 cupulatus Smith. N. W. T., Alaska; e. U. S. S. R. 



Atmetus insularis Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Isls. No. 

 Pacific, V. 4, p. 337. 6. Preocc. in Orthocentrus by Ashmead, 1894. The type locality is 

 Ostrov Mednyy (=Copper Isl.), Commander Isls., U. S. S. R. 

 Orthocentrus cupulatus Smith, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., 

 Mem. 5: 399. N. name for A. iyisularis Ashmead. 



