796 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Spalaiigia / syrpki Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 171. 9,6. Preocc. by Ratzeburg, 1848. 

 Pachyneuron allograptae Ashmead, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 14: 15. 9, d. 



Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 154 (syn.). 



Biology: Kamal, 1926. Jour. Econ. Ent. 19: 725-727. — Kamal, 1939. Egypt Min. Agr., Tech. 

 and Sci. Serv., Bui., Ent. Sect. 207: 36, 46-47. -Knight, 1944. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 101. 

 -Bean, 1950. Jour. Econ. Ent. 43: 109-110. — Weems, 1954. Ohio Jour. Sci. 54: 51. —Brown 

 and Clark, 1960. Canad.Ent. 92: 808. —Harper, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 871. 

 altiscutum Cook. N. B., Ont., Maine and N. H., s. to S. C, w. to Mich., Colo., Calif. Host: 



Cremifania nigrocellulata Czerny, Leucopis sp., L. ameincana Mall., L. obscura Hal., L. 

 pinicola Mall. Numerous other host records have been published, from Lepidoptera, 

 Coccidae, Pseudoccidae, and other Chalcidoidea, but these need to be restudied. 

 Pachyneuron altiscuta Cook, 1885 (1884). Mich. State Hort. Soc, Ann. Rpt. 14: 91. 9, 6. 



Biology: Clancy, 1944. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 450-451. — Judd, 1950 (1949). Ent. Soc. Amer., 

 Ann. 42: 461-464. -Brown and Clark, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 679-682. —Clark and 

 Brown, 1957. Canad. Ent. 89: 408-409. —Clark and Brown, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1174. 

 —Peterson, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 740. 

 anthomyiae Howard. Fla.; Hawaii. Host: Leucopis sp. 



Pachyneuron anthomyiae Howard, 1885. In Hubbard, Insects Affecting the Orange, p. 

 217. 9, 6. 



Biology: Swezey, 1921. Jour. Econ. Ent. 14: 256. 



californicum Girault. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Mexico. Host: Chrysopa califomica Coq., C. 

 niapiscula Banks. 

 Pachyneuron californicum Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 90. 9, 6. 



Biology: Clancy, 1946. Univ. Calif. Pubs., Ent. 7: 454-456. 

 eros Girault. Utah, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Hawaii. Host: Leucopis sp., L. bella Loew. 



Pachyneuron eros Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p. 1. 9. 



Biology: Timberlake, 1926. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 6: 308. 

 groenlandicum (Holmgren). Greenland. Ecology: Reared from syrphid. 



Pteromahis groenlandicus Holmgren, 1872. Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad., Forh. 29: 100. 



9,cJ. 



Taxonomy: Hendriksen and Lundbeck, 1917. Meddel. Gruenland 22: 550-551. 

 hammari Crawford. N. Mex., Ariz. 



Pachyneuron hanntiari Crawford, 1914. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 2: 36. 9, S. 



mucronatum Girault. Kans., Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Associated with coccids on 

 Opuntia. Host: Leucopis sp. 

 Pachyneuron mucronatum Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 116. 9. 



Biology: Brandhorst, 1943. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 46: 168. 



siphonophorae (Ashmead). Que., Maine, s. to Fla., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Hawaii, 



Mexico, West Indies, (]ent. and So. Amer. Host: Aphidius sp., Diaeretiella sp., D. rapae 

 (M'Int.), Lysiphlebus sp., L. testaceipes (Cress.), Praon sp., Trioxys sp. Numerous 

 records have been published of this species as a primary parasite of a long list of 

 species of aphids; rearings show, however, that this is a secondary parasite. 



Encyrtus siphonophorae Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 131. 9. 



Pachyneuron aphidivora Ashmead, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 14: 14. 9. 



Pachyneuron niaidaphis Ashmead, 1888. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 2: 23. 9. 



Pachyneuron micans Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2: 246. 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Gahan, 1924 (1923). Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 25: 187 (syn.). 



Biology: Cole, 1925. Jour. Econ. Ent. 18: 222. — Horsfall, 1926. Iowa Univ., Nat. Hist. 11: 51. 

 — Spencer, 1926. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 19: 147. — Folsom and Bondy, 1930. U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Cir. 116: 8. -MacGillivray and Spicer, 1953. Canad. Ent. 85: 427. — Shands et a/., 

 1955. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 57: 132-135. —van den Bosch et al., 1962. Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 

 861. —Jackson et ai, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 1435. 



