Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 885 



Biology: Weese, 1925. 111. Biol. Monog. 9 (4): 19, 46-52. -Weese, 1930. Okla. Acad. Sci., Proc. 

 10: 18-19. -Clancy, 1946. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 7: 459-460. — Cazier and Mortenson, 1962. 

 So. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 61: 74. 

 scutata Gahan. 111. Host: Undet. spider egg sacs. 



Amclinophaga scutata Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 353. 9, 6. 



Genus EUPELMELLA Masi 



Macro)ieura Walker, 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 353. Preocc. by Macronevra Macquart, 1834. 



Type-species: Macroneura )iiaculipes Walker. Monotypic. 

 Macrou'cra Blanchard, 1840. Hist. Nat. Anim. Articules, v. 3, p. 273. Emend. 

 Eupelniella Masi, 1919. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ann. 48: 306. 



Type-species: EupehnuH degeeri Dalman. Orig. desig. 



Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1954. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 27: 4. — Hedqvist, 1963. Studia Forest. 

 Suecica 11, p. 132. 



dryorhizoxeni (Ashmead). Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., D. C, Va., Fla., Ala., 111., Mo., Nebr., Kans. 

 Host: Rhabdophaga salicistritichoides (Walsh); Belonocnema treatae Mayr, Diplolepis 

 dichlocem (Harris), D. ignota (0. S.) galls. This species, having been reliably recorded as 

 reared from a variety of galls, probably does not parasitize the gall makers, but more 

 likely attacks some inquilines or parasites of the gall makers. 



Eupehnus dryorhizoxeni Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 129. 9, 6. 



Eupehiius rhizopheluH Brues, 1903. Biol. Bui. 4: 186, 189. 



Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. In Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 

 246 (synonymy). 



Biology: Melander and Brues, 1903. Biol. Bui. 5: 21. 

 epicaste (Walker). Fla., Kans., Tex. Host: Meteorus sp., M. laphygmae Vier. 

 Eupehnus Epicaste Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 20: 20. 9. 



Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 149 (synonymy). 

 Eupehiiiuus meteori Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 437. 9. 



Biology: Luginbill, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 34: 74-75. -Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 21, 32, 55, 58. 



melanderi (Brues). Wash. Host: Diplolepis sp. galls on rose. 



Eupelnnis melanderi Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 54. 9. 



vesicularis (Retzius). Que., N. B. and Maine, s. to N. C, w. to B. C, s. to Calif.; Europe, N. 

 Africa, Middle East, Asia Minor. Ecology: This is one of the most polyphagous 

 chalcidoids, having for hosts Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, 

 and Hymenoptera. The list of names of its hosts reported in the world literature is 

 extremely lengthy, and the list of these hosts that are reliably known for only North 

 America is tiresomely long. E. vesicularis is usually a primary parasite, but it may also 

 be secondary. Introduced probably from Europe in straw, and first reported in 

 Pennsylvania in 1915. Host: Antliononius signatus Say, Bruchus brachialis Fahr., 

 Ceutorhynchus assiniilis (Payk.), Cylindrocopttirus fiimissi Buch., Gyrinns sp., Hypera 

 postica (Gyll.)., H. runiicis (L.), Tachypterellus consors cerasi List; Argyresthia thuiella 

 (Pack.), Arcliippus packardianus (Fern.), Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), C. pruniella 

 Clem., C. sahuani Hein., Eurukuttarus confederata (Grote), Grapholitha molesta 

 (Busck), Malacosonia disstria Hbn., M. pluviale (Dyar), Porthetria dispar (L.), 

 Rhyacionia buolia)ia (Schiff.), Stilpnotia salicis (L.); Hylemya sp., Mayetiola destructor 

 (Say); Agathis calcarata (Cress.), Apanteles nielanoscelus (Ratz.), A. laricellae Mason, 

 Aulacidea podagrae (Bass.), A. tuniida (Bass.) galls, Bathyplectes curculionis 

 (Thomson), Bracon cephi (Gahan), Bruchophagus sp., Cephus cinctus Nort., C. 

 pyginaeus (L.), Dalilbontinus fuscipennis (Zett.), Diplolepis sp. galls, Ditropinotiis 

 aureoviridis Cwfd., Eupehnus allynii (French), Eurytoma parva Phillips, Harniolita 

 alboniaculata (Ashm.), H. elynii (French), H.festucae P. and E., H. grandis (Riley), H. 

 hordei (Harr.), H. linearis (Walker), H. longula (Dalm.), H. macnlata (How.), H. fritici 



