Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 907 



Biology: Flanders, 1953. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 33: 22 (as Physcus "B"). 

 -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 122 (sp. "B"). 

 howardi Compere. Calif. Host: Nuculaspiii californica (Col.). 



Physcus howanii Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (8): 223. S, 9. 

 stanfordi Howard. Calif. Host: Stmnie)iaspis kelloggi (Col). 



Physcus stanfordi Howard, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16 (2): 84. 9. 

 testaceus Masi. Calif. Introduced, possibly established. Host: Lepidosaphes uhni (L.), 

 Lepidosaphes sp. 

 Physcus testaceus Masi, 1909. Lab. Zool. Gen. e. Agr. Portici, Bol. 4: 36-37. 9. 



Biology: Flanders, 1957. Jour. Econ. Ent. 50 (2): 171-172. 

 varicornis (Howard). Que. s. to Fla., w. to Wis., s. to Neb., Calif. Host: Chionaspis americana 

 Johns., C.furfura (Fitch), C. pinifoliae (Fitch), Diaspidiotus ancylus (Putn.), D. uvae 

 (Comst), Lecauiu))! nigrofasciatuni Perg., Melanaspis obscura (Comst.), Nuculaspis 

 californica (Col.), Quadraspidiotus jugalnsregiae (Comst.), Q. perniciosus (Comst.). 

 Coccophagus variconiis Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rept. for 1880, p. 360. 9. 

 Physcus cariiconiis Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., 5: 226. Unjustified emendation. 



Taxonomy: Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 19 (3): 183. 



Biology: Baker, 1933. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 295: 8-9. 



Genus PROSPALTELLA Ashmead 



Prospalta Howard, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7 (1): 6. Preoccupied by Walker, 



1857. 



Type-species: Prospalta niurtfeldiae Howard. Monotypic. 

 Prospaltella Ashmead, 1904. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 6 (2): 126. New name. 

 Mimatomus Cockerell, 1911. Ent. News 22 (10): 464. 



Type-species: Miniato»tus peltatus Cockerell. Monotypic. 



The genus Prospaltella is cosmopolitan and contains about 40 species. Morphologically it 

 resembles Aspidiotiphagus and Eucarsia. Many species are primary internal parasites of scale 

 insects and whiteflies, but some species have hyperparasitic males. 



Taxonomy: Howard, 1908. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 1 (4): 281-284. — Malenotti, 1917. Redia 12: 

 195-196. -Mercet, 1921. Real Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 50: 300, 304-308. -Silvestri, 1930. 

 Lab. Zool. Gen. e. Agr. Portici, Bol. 25: 49-68. -Mercet, 1930. Rev. Biol. Forest, y 

 Limnologia 2 (B): 72-77. -Mercet, 1931. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat, Bol. 31 (9): 659-669. 

 — Alam, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 108 (8): 357-384. — Agarwal, 1964. Indian 

 Acad. Sci., Proc. (B) 59: 274-282. -Yoshimoto, 1965. Pacific Insects 7 (4): 695-696. 

 — Shafee, 1973. Entomophaga 18 (3): 251-258. — Ferriere, 1961. Schweiz. Ent. GeselL, Mitt. 

 34 (3): 253-269. 



Biology: Chumakova and Goryunova, 1962. Ent. Rev. 42 (2): 178-181. 

 aurantii (Howard). Cosmopolitan. Host: Abgrallaspis howardi (Ckll.), Aleuroplatus coronatus 

 (Quaint), Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.), A. citrina (Coq.), Amiidomytilus concolor (Ckll.), 

 Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, Chionaspis sp., Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morg.), 

 Diaspidiotus ancylus (Putn.), D. ancylus var. on linden, Hemiberlesia rapax (Comst), 

 Kennes nigropunctatus Ehrh. and Ckll., Lecanium corni Bouche, L. nigrofasciatum 

 Perg., L. persicae (F.), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newm.), L. gloverii (Pack.), L. ulmi (L.), 

 Pseudaonidia duplex (Ckll.), Quadraspidiotus forbesi (Johns.), Q. juglansregiae (Comst), 

 Q. peniiciosus (Comst.). It is probable that P. aurantii is a complex of sibling species. 

 Coccophagus aurantii Howard, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 6 (3): 231-232. 9. 



Taxonomy: Rust 1913. Ent. News 24 (4): 161. 



Biology: Taylor, 1907. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 120: 10. — Essig, 1913. Calif. State Comn. 

 Hort., Month. Bui. 2: 276. —Griffiths and Stearns, 1947. Fla. Ent 30 (1-2): 4-7. — Benassy, 

 1958. Entomophaga 3 (2): 104. — Muma, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent 52 (4): 579. 

 bella Gahan. N. Y., Mich., Calif. Host: Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch). 



Prospaltella bella Gahan, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 71 (4): 21-22. 6, 9. 



