1066 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



corresponds somewhat with the old term Psenides Hartig, 1840. (Ztschr. f. Ent. 2: 187). The 

 name Psenides Hartig is not based on any generic name in the Cynipoidea, but is a descriptive 

 term meaning "Gallenerzeuger" or gall producer. 



There are European species of gall-makers that are commonly intercepted at our ports of 

 entry, but they are not known to have been established in North America. The best known of 

 these is Andricua kollari (Hartig). This produces bud galls on Quercus rober and other Europe- 

 an oaks. The galls produced by this species are imported for the production of permanent inks 

 that are required by law in some states for signatures to certain documents. The cynipid 

 gall-makers occasionally have been known to emerge in factories where these inks are produced, 

 and some factory workers have complained that they were stung by the cynipids. Many of the 

 species of oaks on which this cynipid produces galls in Europe are grown in North America as 

 rare ornamentals. This cynipid has not yet been found developing here. "Nut galls" or "Aleppo 

 galls," produced by Adleria gallaetinctoriae (Olivier), are also commonly imported, as are the 

 acorn galls oi Andriciis glandiuni (Giraud). The cynipids producing these galls are not known to 

 be established in North America. 



Taxonomy: Eady and Quinlan, 1963. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins. 8(la): 1-81. 



Genus GONASPIS Ashmead 



Gojiaspis Ashmead, 1897. Psyche 8: 68. 



Type-species: Diastropliiis scutellaris Gillette. Orig. desig. 



Produce galls on Poteiitilla. 



potentillae (Bassett). N. B. s. to Va., w. to 111., Mo. Ecology: Produces globular galls in leaf 

 axils of Poteiitilla spp. 

 Diastropliux potent iUae Bassett, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 689. 9, d, gall. 

 Diofitrophus acutellariH Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 191. 



Taxonomy: Weld, 1959. Cynipid Galls Eastern U. S., p. 84. 



Genus ANTISTROPHUS Walsh 



Antistrophus Walsh, 1869. Amer. Ent. 2: 74. 



Type-species: Antistrophus lygodesntiaepisinu Walsh. Monotypic. 

 Asclepiadipliila Ashmead, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 263. 



Type-species: Asclepiadipliila stepliattotidis Ashmead. Monotypic. 



Produce galls on various composites. 



bicolor Gillette. 111. Ecology: Said to produce galls on Silpliiuni integrifolium. 



Antistropltits bicolor Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 197. 

 chrysothamni (Beutenmueller). Ariz. Ecology: Produce galls on Clirysothanuius sp. that are 

 stem swellings covered with feltlike pubescence. 

 Aniax cliri/sotliannii Beutenmueller, 1908. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 16: 45. 9, 6, gall. 

 laciniatus Gillette. 111. Ecology: Produces minute galls among disk florets in flower heads of 

 Silpliiitin laciniatinii. 

 Antistrophus laciniatus Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 194. 9, 6, gall. 



lygodesmiaepisum Walsh. 111., N. Dak., S. Dak., Kans., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex. Ecology: Produces 

 pea-shaped galls along stem of Lygodesniia juncea. 

 Antistrophus lijgodesntiaepisuni Walsh, 1869. Amer. Ent. 2: 73. 9, 6, gall. 

 Antistrophus pisuin Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 294. 

 Asclepiadiphila stephanotidis Ashmead, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 263. 9, 6, gall. 

 microseris (McCracken and Egbert). Calif. Ecology: Produces gall on stem of Microseris sp. 

 Aylax microseris McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser. Biol. Sci. 

 3(1): 45. 9, gall. 

 minor Gillette. 111. Ecology: Bred from galls hidden in stems of Silphiuni laciniatum. 

 Antistrophus minor Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 196. 9, 6, gall. 

 Aulax Gillettei Kieffer, 1902. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz., Bui. (2) 10: 95. N. name unnecessarily 

 proposed. 



