NO. 1 hartman: goniadidae, glyceridae, nephtyidae 7 



The gross external structures of the proboscis are most easily 

 identified when fully everted. At its distal end there is a circlet of 

 soft, terminal papillae numbering about 17 to 20; they are usually 

 largest on the ventral side and decrease in size middorsally. Within 

 this ring there is a circlet of dark, hard paragnaths including a pair of 

 larger, dentate macrognaths on the sides or midventrally, and more or 

 less numerous, smaller, H- or Y-shaped dark, hard pieces called micro- 

 gnaths, arranged in dorsal or also ventral arcs, usually disposed in a 

 single, or sometimes partial to complete double row. The proximal 

 surface of the proboscis is more or less uniformly covered with smaller, 

 pale or translucent, soft structures; they are here called proboscidial 

 organs. Based on this report, their structure suggests a function con- 

 cerned with maintaining traction and grip, as well as rapid movement 

 through the substratum. 



The terminology concerning these organs is in confusion. They have 

 been variously called papillae, platelets, paragnaths, stout hooks, hook- 

 like papillae, tooth-papillae, proboscidial papillae, cuticular or horny 

 papillae, papillae pharyngis, and other descriptive or functional names. 

 The dark V-shaped, horny structures or chevrons near the base of the 

 proboscis have been called V-shaped plates, chevron-shaped jaws, longi- 

 tudinal rows of angled jaws, maxillae angulatae, dents en chevrons, 

 and other names. The large jaws at the end, or macrognaths have been 

 called main jaws, horny jaws, maxillae terminales laterales, and others, 

 and the smaller jaws or micrognaths have been known as accessory jaws, 

 small quadricuspidate teeth, X-shaped paragnaths, maxillae terminales 

 transversae, ring of small horny teeth, and other names. 



The following chart compares the usage of some of these terms, 

 with references. 



