NO. 1 hartman: goniadidae, glyceridae, nephtyidae 5 



An important revision of the family was made by Ehlers (1868) 

 who combined them with the GLYCERIDAE to form the superfamily 

 GLYCEREA Grube; he named them GLYCEREA POLYGNA- 

 THA (=Goniadidae) and GLYCEREA TETRAGNATHA 

 (=Glyceridae), thus disregarding Kinberg's or Malmgren's separate 

 categories. Ehlers recognized only one genus, Goniada in the first group, 

 and referred Glycinde, Epicaste, Lacharis, Leonnatus and Eone as 

 synonyms of Goniada. Arwidsson's (1897 and 1899) studies gave 

 accounts of morphology, anatomy and more extensive geographical data. 

 Other studies of more recent date are Mcintosh (1910, pp. 460-471) 

 in which 3 species in 2 genera are described in the fauna for Britain; 

 Fauvel (1923, pp. 381-395) in which 2 species of Goniada and one of 

 Glycinde are described in the fauna for France, and St<£p-Bowitz (1941, 

 pp. 209-228) in which 3 species of Goniada and one of Glycinde are 

 recorded for Norway. 



In the GONIADIDAE the body is long and slender; it consists 

 of 2 or 3 body regions, an anterior one with uniramous parapodia, 

 a broader posterior one with biramous parapodia, or also an inter- 

 mediate, transitional middle one with 3-4 to 40 or more segments in 

 which parapodia gradually acquire a distinctly biramous condition. 

 This separation into body regions is not to be compared with division 

 into thorax and abdomen in the sedentary polychaetes, since there is 

 no inversion of parapodial parts nor do the internal parts undergo 

 comparable changes. 



The prostomium is long, conical or somewhat depressed. Externally 

 it appears annulate (textfig. 1) and these rings may be secondarily 

 divided. The prostomium tapers to its forward part and ends in 4 

 slender, Particulate antennae. There may be a pair of eyes in the basal 

 ring or another pair in the distal one; they resemble simple pigment 

 spots and are usually embedded in the prostomial tissue. In older in- 

 dividuals they may be obscure or even vanished. 



The proboscis is long and cylindrical, to shorter and somewhat 

 clavate. It is eversible from the oral aperture or mouth, at the postero- 

 ventral side of the prostomium. The proboscis is an extensive, tubular 

 anterior prolongation of the alimentary tract. When completely re- 

 tracted it is withdrawn to lie entirely within the body, and is folded 

 back upon itself the length of the eversible part. Then it extends back 

 through anterior or also median (when present) body regions. When 

 partially or fully everted it may extend forward a great distance in 

 front of the prostomium (plate 6). 



