4 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 15 



226-233). In general it is believed that the goniadial products are 

 formed in great numbers, crowd themselves about the membranes of 

 the proboscis such that the parts of the latter are gradually degenerated 

 and resorbed. The sex cells are then shed through the gaping oral 

 aperture. Accidental puncturing of the surface epithelium of any part 

 of the body, such as might be caused by constant writhing of the body 

 against the substratum, might effect a release of goniadial products 

 (based on personal observations on Glycera americana Leidy). At any 

 rate, the life of the individual is terminated with the process. 



Planktonic larvae of GLYCEREA have seldom been recorded. 

 Thorson (1946, pp. 75-77) describes early stages of what may be 

 Glycera alba Rathke, but states also that though other species of the 

 superfamily are known to occur in the regions that were intensively 

 investigated (northwestern Europe), other species were not definitely 

 observed. Thorson (loc. cit., p. 77) is inclined to the view that the 

 larvae may be non-swimming. The large size of ova of at least some of 

 the species of the superfamily justifies support to this view. Fuchs 

 (1911) has described early stages of a species of Glycera. 



Family Goniadidae Malmgren, 1867 



The family GONIADIDAE Malmgren, 1867 (as Goniadea Kin- 

 berg, 1866) was first recognized by Kinberg for 4 genera, Goniada 

 Audouin and Edwards, Lacharis Kinberg, Epicaste Kinberg and Leon- 

 natus Kinberg (not to be confused with Leonnates Kinberg, family 

 Nereidae) ; Glycinde Miiller, 1858, was mentioned but not incorporated 

 in Kinberg's scheme. Two groups of species were identified, one with 

 Goniada and Lacharis for having chevrons or V-shaped pieces on the 

 proboscis, and the other with Leonnatus and Epicaste, in which such 

 chevrons were thought to be absent. As shown elsewhere (Hartman, 

 1948b, p. 102) Leonnatus has chevrons and thus goes to Goniada, and 

 Epicaste goes to Glycinde (see below). Eone Malmgren, 1866, pro- 

 posed for E. nordmanni Malmgren, goes to Glycinde (Arwidsson, 1899, 

 p. 50). 



The first 3 species recorded in the family, Goniada emerita Audouin 

 and Edwards, 1834, G. maculata Oersted, 1843 and G. norvegica 

 Oersted, 1845, were European in origin. Glycinde Miiller, 1858, was 

 erected for G. multidens, from Brazil. Other species have since been 

 ascribed to both these and other genera and species more recently erected. 



