NO. 1 hartman: goniadidae, glyceridae, nephtyidae 3 



On the whole, the body of the goniadids is proportionately much 

 longer and the posterior portion much thicker than the anterior one. 

 In the glycerids the body is usually shorter, approximately fusiform in 

 shape and tapers toward both extremities. It may also be noteworthy 

 that where epitoky is known to occur, in the glycerids it affects the 

 entire individual; in the goniadids the anterior, uniramous portion is 

 not involved. 



In members of both families the prostomium is a longer (Goniada) 

 or shorter (Glycerella) conical or depressed forward extension, trans- 

 versely marked with few to many rings that resemble annuli but are 

 not true segments since only the surface structures are affected. The 

 forward pointed end has 4 small, Particulate (the smaller distal article 

 has not always been noted) antennae; the more anterior ones are often 

 inserted at a lower level than the more posterior ones. There may be 

 simple eyes, one pair in the basal ring of the prostomium, and another 

 pair in the distal ring, or one or both pairs may be absent or limited 

 to juvenile stages. 



Notopodia, when present, have simple setae that are hairlike, aci- 

 cular, or capped by a hyaline hood (plate 8). Neuropodia have com- 

 posite setae (plate 8). In the GLYCERIDAE the parapodial branch- 

 iae are sometimes variously developed; they may consist of modified 

 prolongations of parapodial lobes that are retractile or stationary. In 

 the GONIADIDAE no such structures have been described but parts 

 of the parapodial lobes doubtless function for respiration. 



The proboscis of the GLYCEREA functions not only for grasping 

 and ingesting food but for locomotion. To this end the structure of the 

 circulatory system is adjusted since it is open; that is, the circulatory 

 fluid is mixed with other coelomic inclusions and propelled freely 

 through the coelomic spaces, including those in the eversible proboscis. 

 The movement of the proboscis has been described in detail for a species 

 of Glycera ( St<£p-Bowitz, 1941, pp. 234-240), where the methods of 

 burying, burrowing and inrolling are detailed, based on laboratory obser- 

 vations. The languettes or long lobes that extend from the distal end 

 of the proboscis into the coelomic space, have also been studied and are 

 thought to function for the disintegration of haemoglobin (Raphael, 

 1933a). 



Epitoky (swarming at maturity) has been described for several 

 species of Glycera (Ehlers, 1868, p. 697, Arwidsson, 1899, p. 5, Fage 

 and Legendre, 1927, p. 130) and Goniada ( St^p-Bowitz, 1941, pp. 



