NO. 3 BARNARD : THE PHOXOCEPHALIDAE 233 



uropod 2; (3) the more broadly rounded apices of the telson and 

 shorter spines. It is possible that P. cognatus fits Gurjanova's description 

 of P. simplex more closely and is a subspecies of it. Until the epistome 

 and third epimera of P. simplex are described, these problems remain 

 unsolved. 



A male P. similis (3.5 mm, Station 2233-53) bearing the typical 

 epistome, third epimeron and second uropods, has the third and fourth 

 peraeopods and telson more like P. cognatus, indicating a variability or 

 unreliability of the latter criteria for diagnosis. 



A specimen from Friday Harbor (figured in Plate 23) illustrates 

 minor differences of the species in the northern part of its range, which 

 complicate its relationship to P. simplex. The teeth on peraeopod 5 are 

 smaller as in P. simplex but the telson still bears 3 apical spines on each 

 lobe. The epistome of the figured specimen is the largest of the 8 speci- 

 mens in the lot, the others bearing epistomes smaller and more like P. 

 cognatus. The third epimera are slightly sinuate, unlike the southern 

 counterpart. 



Material examined. — 1254 specimens at 148 stations. 



Distribution. — Puget Sound to Southern California. On the southern 

 California coastal shelf and slope, 17 to 177 fms, but concentrated 

 mainly in depths of 30 to 60 fms where it is associated with Paraphoxus 

 bicuspidatus and the brittle star Amphiodia urtica. In Hueneme sub- 

 marine canyon, 90 fms. 



Paraphoxus cognatus, new species 



(Plate 24) 



Diagnosis of male. — Head rather broad and short, rostrum tapering 

 evenly anteriorly, eyes large, oval. 



Epistome produced, acute but rather short, variable. 



Maxillipedal palp article 4 with an apical spine. 



Gnathopods: article 5 much shorter than 6, the latter rather slender 

 in gnathopod 1, stouter in gnathopod 2: palm oblique. Ratios of lengths 

 of articles 5 and 6: Gnathopod 1 = 10:13. Gnathopod 2 = 8:12. 



Peraeopod 3 moderately slender, articles 4-6 successively more slender 

 and longer. Ratio of widths of articles 2, 4, 5, 6 = 10 :8 :7 :3. 



Peraeopod 4 slender, article 2 with posterior ventral corner slightly 

 produced and rounded broadly. Ratio of widths of articles 2, 4, 5, 6 = 

 29:13:10:5. 



Peraeopod 5 : article 2 rather narrow, its ratio of width to length is 

 38:51; article 2 extends downward more than midway along article 4, 



