32 BrLM-nx 184. 



The work of the i^-rubs in tlie roots is ilhistrated in fianires 9 

 and 10. 



Pupation. — In Jnne these over-wintered grubs undergo the trans- 

 formation to tbe white and tender pupa shown in figure 7. " In 

 northern Oliio tlie grubs pupate largely at least, in June, though I 

 have found pupte in limited numbers on the 8th of August. xA. 

 very few pupiv may be observed as early as the first week in June, 

 and ))y the 2od fully nmety per cent of the grubs have passed into 

 this stage," says Webster; doubtless about the same conditions will 

 be found in western New York. The pupal stage lasts about a fort- 

 night, when the linal transformation to the adult insect or beetle 

 occurs. No injury is done by the insect in the pupal stage as the 

 pupje do not eat. 



Period of activity of the beetles.— ^ The beetles begin to appear 

 during the last week in June and soon begin their injurious work 

 on the leaves (see ligures .""> and 8). They pair soon after emerging. 

 Most of the beetles die by August, but some that emerged late may 

 be found on the vines as late as 8eptend)er 1st. 



There is thus but one brood of the insect in a vear, but it is 

 injurious in both its grub and beetle stages, thus making it a for- 

 midable pest. The grubs do most of their feeding in August, and 

 the beetles in Julv, so that the insect will do most of its daniai>:e 

 during these two months in New York. 



Natural Enemies. 



No natural enemies have been observed preying upon the beetles, 

 pup^e, or grubs or this grape root-worm, although it is probal)le that 

 insectivorous birds eat some of the beetles. But several animals 

 were observed to include the eggs in their menu in Ohio. " The 

 little i)rown ant, Lasiiis hrfi?hne((s' var. aJleaus, was observed sev^- 

 eral times in the act of feeding upon them though they could only 

 reach such as were much exposed. A small mite possibly Tyrofjly- 

 jylius phylloxera'^ was frec^uently observed to appi'oach a cluster of 

 eggs and extract the contents of several in succession, while still 

 another smaller mite, resembling Tloplophora arctata^ was several 

 times found similarly engaged." Mr. Webster also bred two new 

 species of minute Hymenopterous parasites from clusters of the 



