perfecting its seed. If sown too late in the summer to blossom 

 before cold weather, it lives over winter in the milder parts of New 

 York State, begins growth in the spring, and completes its growth 

 in the early summer. It is likely to winter kill in central and 

 northern 'Naw York unless covered with snow. It stores up nitro- 

 gen very abundantly. Clovers when grown alone do not yield as 

 much fodder as mixed cereals, oats and peas for instance ; l)ut they 

 are particularly useful when cattle are fed on the "hurdling" sys- 

 tem — a modified form of soiling. By this method the animals are 

 only allowed access to a part of the lield at a time. Readily 

 movable fences are employed. In this way forage is materially 

 economized. 



Hungarian grass and the inillets are vahiahle nildsuinmer soil- 

 ing croj)s. — These are heat loving plants ; they should not be sown 

 till danger of frost is over. They grow^ rapidly and under favor- 

 able conditions may be ready for cutting in five or six weeks after 

 seeding. In dry seasons they are particularly useful. Millet is an 

 exhausting crop both on the fertility and moisture of the soil, and 

 it is a good j^lan to follow it with clover. 



Certain ineiribers of the crucifers, to which group helong turnips, 

 cabbages an d radishes, are esteemed as jy^oducers of green feed. — 

 The most important member of this group from our present stand- 

 point is rape. This is practically a rutabaga turnip with an exces- 

 sively leafy top and a fibrous, prongy unswollen root. In the early 

 stages of its growth it is difficult to distinguish it from the rutabaga 

 turnip. There are two ways of growing it : in rows, when it is 

 tilled like turnips ; broadcasted and unfilled except a light harrow- 

 ing after it has a firm hold on the soil. Wlien grown in rows it is 

 frequently cut and fed but sometimes pastured ; w^hen broadcasted 

 i-t is nearly always pastured. It is a hardy plant and grows well in 

 the cool weather of late autunm. In may be sown early in spring. 

 Rape is liked by sheep, cattle and horses. When cabbage is as 

 extensively grown as it is in New York excellent use can be made 

 of the soft heads by using them as cattle feed in the autumn. Man- 

 golds produce a large tonnage to the acre and are easily grown. 

 They add greatly to the palatability of dry fodders. 



347 



