thrown over the plant or tree which they infest by means of a force 

 pump equipped with hose and a suitable nozzle. In spraying these 

 sucking insects only those that are hit by the spray are killed 

 therefore be tliorough. 



12, Fungous diseases or jplant parasites^ with which the 

 orchardist has to deal, are a loio class of jylants vthicK are tmahle 

 to use directly the raw food materials of the soil and the air. They 

 live on the p)^'^P^f^''^^^ food manxfactured hy higher and hetter 

 organized i)lants. 



The '^ kissing hug" is a sucking insect. Enlarged sucking 



tube at tJie right. 



(b) Fungi (singular fungus). — A. fungus is a general term 

 applied to certain plants of low organization, some of which live 

 as parasites on other plants, and is called a plant disease. Fungi 

 are very numerous and vary remarkably in appearance and charac- 

 ter of growth. Fungi are sometimes called flowerless plants in con- 

 tradistinction to the flowering plants. Tliey produce no flowers, 

 and, therefore, no seed like tliose of the flowering plants. Their 

 reproductive bodies are called spores. How many farmers' boys 

 have wondered of what the cloud of brown smoke was composed 



409 



