The Codling-Moth. in 



The Cocao fi. 



Where it is made. — After leaving the fruit, the apple-worm next 

 devotes its energies to finding a suitable place for its cocoon, in which 

 to undergo its further transformation. Many of them find their way 

 to the trunk, larger branches, or into the crotch of the tree, where they 

 crawl into any crevice they can find under the rough, loose bark. 

 Other worms find suitable quarters on near-by fences or trees, in piles 

 of rubbish, under boards or chips, in stumps, in fact, almost anywhere, 

 except in the ground or among the grasses or weeds.* In November, 

 1875, Beal made a very careful examination of several square feet of' 

 soil and grass under different trees which had borne or had had wormy 

 apples sorted under them ; no trace of the insect was found. 



If the worms are carried into the store-rooms or barreled with the 

 fruit when it is picked, upon leaving the apples they spin their cocoons 

 in the crevices and angles of the barrels, or anywhere in the store- 

 room, especially in any rags, papers, or clothes that may be lying 

 about. 



How it is itiade. — Having found a suitable place, the apple-worm 

 first usually hollo v/s out with its jaws a little oval cavity, and then 

 begins its cocoon. The cocoon is rather thin but quite tough 

 and is made largely of silk in which are mixed bits of the sub- 

 stance on which it is being made. It is lined with a thin 

 layer of white silk, and on the outside it is usually covered, and 

 often thickened at some point, with more loosely bound together parti- 

 cles of the surrounding substance ; this renders the cocoon quite 

 inconspicuous. Several cocoons are shown, natural size, in figure 135, 



* Mr. Crawford records an instance in Australia where the worms took 

 refuge in the pith of old raspberry canes growing under apple trees ; 20 

 worms were found in one of these canes. In 1896, several raspberry canes 

 which had been badly infested with the cane-borer, were sent us from Ohio. 

 In the pith we found several apple-worms snugly tucked away in their 

 cocoons. In this case, the worms had evidently found an easy entrance to 

 the canes through the large hole made by the borer when it emerged as a 

 beetle. While breeding the insect here in the insectary, we have had the 

 woims burrow iuto pieces of cork and work their way into books to spin their 

 cocoons. Cooke says the cocoons are often found in California from one to 

 six inches below the ground on the base and roots of the smooth-barked 

 trees. 



