The Codling-Moth. 



113 



The Number of Broods of tJie Insect. 



For more than a century the statements which have been made 

 regarding the number of broods of the codHng-moth during the course 

 of a year, have differed widely. Some writers record only one brood, 

 others two, and some as many as three or more in a year. This varia- 

 tion has been the subject of considerable discussion in Germany, and 

 more recently in the United States. 



Beginning wilh Goedart's first account in 1635, the European rec- 

 ords indicate but one brood north of latitude 50 degrees, that is, in 



136. — Pupa: of the codling-moih in coc^'ons, enlarged. 



England, Holland, Germany (except possibly the southwestern por- 

 tion), and the more northern countries. The evidence from Reaumur, 

 Pissot, and Schmidtberger indicate two broods in France and Austria 

 or south of latitude 50 degrees; recent evidence from I talv indicates 

 three broods there. 



In America the evidence thus far submitted, shows a similar, and in 

 some instances a more striking variation in the number of broods of 

 the insect. The observations of Atkins, Harvey, and Munson in 

 Maine, indicate one regular or full brood and a partial, in some years 

 possibly nearly a full, second brood in that state. This statement will 

 doubtless also apply to most of the New England States, and so far as 

 our observations indicate, it is also true of the state of New York. 



In 1871, Mr. Chapin, of East Bloomfield, N. Y., found that by caging 

 some of the insects in July a second brood of the moths appeared in 



