The Codling-Moth. 117 



calyx, the worms often attaining their full growth there. Harvey 

 records that in Maine, in 1888, three-fourths of the apples from some 

 localities showed this work of the second brood of worms around the 

 calyx. Whether the second brood often works in this peculiar manner 

 in other parts of the country, especially where there is a third brood, 

 we cannot say. It is probable that many of the worms which are 

 hatched late in the season, of whatever brood, work in this manner. 



How fJie Insect Passes t'he Winter. 



Almost invariably the codling-moth winters as a caterpillar in its 

 cocoon. Differences in latitude, climate, or altitude seem to cause no 

 variation from this rule.* Often some of the worms go into winter 

 quarters in August. As worms of all sizes may be found in the fruit 

 late in the fall, doubtless many of the young ones perish, unless they 

 are lucky enough to be carried into the store-room where they may 

 continue feeding and finish their growth. 



One can readily find these hibernating worms in the winter or early 

 spring, snugly curled up in their cocoons, by carefully examining the 

 loose bark on almost any old apple-tree which bore much fruit the 

 previous season. It is interesting to watch the caterpillars when their 

 cocoons have been torn open, even in the winter. They soon bestir 

 themselves and proceed to repair the damage at once. If removed 

 from the cocoon each will spin another. We have had a worm 

 make two or three new and complete cocoons after being removed 

 very early in the spring from the one in which it hibernated. 



When the Mot'hs Appear in the Spring. 



Those hibernating worms which escape the birds during the winter, 

 change to brown pupae, shown in figure 136, in the spring, and in from 

 two to three weeks the moths emerge. The date of the emergence of 

 the moths depends much upon the place where the worms hibernated, 

 and upon the weather conditions prevailing in the spring. Oftentimes 

 the cocoons are spun in temporary storerooms in the fall, wher'e the 



* Mr. Howard records an apparent exception to this rule. Specimens of 

 the insect were received at the Dept. of Agr. from Kansas, on November 

 15, were in the pnpa state when sent three days before. They were kept 

 in a warm room and the moths issued in January. 



