i8 



Bulletin 142. 



subsequent temperature is so warm as to cause the insect to transform 

 considerably sooner than it naturally would on the trunk of a tree ; or 

 if the wormy apples are placed in a cool cellar, the transformation of 

 the worm may be unnaturally prolonged. The recorded appearances 

 of the moths vary from March and the first half of April in California, 

 through May and the early part of June for most localities in the 

 northern half of the United States, and some moths have not emerged 

 from cellars or storerooms until July 13 or later. 



During the past two years we have made many visits to orchards early 

 in the spring, and have collected and examined hundreds of cocoons. 

 These were placed in cages and the worms allowed to transform into 

 moths, the date of emergence of the latter being noted. In 1896, we 

 began collecting April 8, and found only caterpillars in the cocoons until 

 April 28, when one or two pupae were seen. In 1897, the first pupa was 

 found April 27, and by the 7th of May only about one-fourth had pupated 

 in the cocoons on the trees. The following table gives the dates of the 

 emergence of the moths (with the number for each day) from cocoons 

 collected in April, 1896 and 1897: 



The above table shows that the moths may emerge over an unusually 

 long period in the spring in central New York ; that is, from May 3 until 

 June 22, or over a month and a half. A])parently a majority of them 

 emerged in 1896 and 1897 during the last week in May and the fir^it week 



