The Codling Moth. 



J -'3 



tiny thing as the egg of a coclHng-moth. In figure 138 is shown a 

 greatly enlarged picture of this pretty little parasite, which is, of course, 

 an exceeding small creature, yet it is easily visible to the naked eye. 

 Dr. L. O. Howard determines these little parasites as probably the 

 same insect. Trie hogramma pre fiosa, which infests the eggs of the c-oltnn 

 worm to a large extent in the South. In 1S89, Koebele found man\' 

 p irasitized eggs of the codling-moth in California; the parasite he 

 reared is either the same as, or first cousin to, the one working in tlie 

 egg in New York. 



Even after the apple-worms get out of sight in the fruit, they are 

 not safe from their ene- 

 mies. In California a wasp 

 [Sj)/uYiiis 7ievadensis) is 

 reported to frequent pear 

 trees, and is described as 

 pulling the worms out of 

 the fruit with its " fore 

 foot." In 1890, Mr. Web- 

 ster reported (Insect Life, 

 III., 348) that two ob- 

 servers in Indiana had seen 

 downy woodpeckers deftly 

 extracting the worms from 

 the blossom-ends of young 



apples without injuring the ii^, — Ttichogramma pr^tiosa. Egg-parasite of the 

 fruit. In 1S7?, Dr. Rilev codling-moth, greatly enlarged, (From Riley, 



'^' ^ 4tli Kept. Ent. Com., U. b. Dept. of Agr.) 



found that an Ichneumon 



fly, which he called the " delicate long-sting," " probably pierced the 

 unfortunate apple- worm while yet in the fruit, as it always suc- 

 cumbs soon after forming its cocoon, and before changing to a 

 pupa." Riley's picture of this graceful, pale honey-yellow parasite 

 is given in figure 139; the lines at the left show its natural size. 

 While examining wild haws in 1890 for apple-worms, we were sur- 

 prised to find in a few fruits nearly full-grown worms whose life was 

 being sucked out by small maggot-like creatures which had attached 

 themselves to the body of their host, one to Citch apple worm. We 

 did not succeed in rearing the adult insect from this external parasitic 

 grub. It may have been the same parasite which Popenoe found in 



