124 



Bulletin 142. 



Kansas in 18S9, but he does not state whether the apple worm was 

 attacked while in the fruit or not. A picture of this Kansas parasite, 

 which Dr. Howard writes us is probably a species of Goniozus, is 

 shown greatly enlarged in figure 140. In 1872, Mr. Foster, of Baby- 

 lon, N. Y., reported {Gard- 

 ner's Monthly), the dis- 

 covery of a very curious 

 and strange case of para- 

 sitism. He had found a 

 species of the well-known 

 hair- snakes imbedded in 

 one of the codling-moth 

 caterpillars in the center of 

 a large pear. Since then 

 several observers have 

 found these hair- snakes in 

 apple-worms or coiled in 

 the core of wormy apples. 

 Hair - snakes are often 

 found in ground-inhabit- 

 ing insects like grass- 

 hoppers, but how they ever 

 get into apple- worms inside 

 the fruits on the tree is yet 

 a mystery. A German 



139 -~Th^denca{eLmg-sfn^gparasite{^fac,ocentrus writer suggests thataheavy 

 delicatns. ( From Riley). dew may moisten the trunks 



of trees sufficiently to 

 enable the hair-worms to ascend them. The apple-worm is also in- 

 fested by a hair- snake in Europe. 



After the apple- worm leaves the fruit, it has to run the gauntlet of 

 many other enemies, l^he larva [a in figure 141) of the Pennsylvania 

 soldier-beetle {Chauliognathiis pennsylvanicus) often devours the apple- 

 worm while it is getting ready to spin, and possibly sometimes 

 before it leaves the fruit. The adult form — the beetle — (/' in figure 

 141) of this predaceous enemy is a very common yellowish beetle, 

 which feeds only on the pollen of flowers. It is probable that the 

 larva of the margined soldier-beetle (C marginata also even enters the 



