The Codling-Moth. 



125 



fruit to feed upon the apple worm. The larva of the two lined 

 soldier- beetle \Telephorus bilineatns) is also reported as preying upon 

 apple worms. Still another predaceous beetle larva, which has been 

 found feeding on the apple- worm, and the pupae also, in many parts 

 of the United States, is shown 

 at work at a in figure 142. We 

 have seen many of these larvae 

 at work in our search for apple- 

 worms on the trunks of trees in 

 early spring. With the exception 

 of the birds, it seems to be the <^ 

 most efficient enemy of the cod- 

 ling moth in New York. Its first 



cousin, Trosrosi/a laticoUis, also lA^.—Goniozns sp. externally parasitic on 



apple-worms. (From Popenoe.) 

 has the same habit. In Califor- 

 nia, the larva of a Raphidian (a Neuropterous insect occurring 

 only in the far west) is a most effective enemy ot the apple-worm. 

 An attempt has been made to introduce this insect into Australia to 

 help in keeping this pest in check there. A Tachinid fly (Byposfena 

 variabilis) is recorded as having the apple-worm for its host (Bull. 7, 

 Tech. Ser. U. S. Div. of Entomology, p. 17). Besides these predace- 

 ous enemies, there is a parasitic Ichneumon-fly which attacks the 

 apple-worm after it leaves the fruit. This black parasitic fly is shown 



much enlarged in figure 143. 



It is known as the ring-legged 



Pimpla {Piinpla annulipes). The 



grubs of this fly live within the 



>«^ body of the apple- worm or the 



} I pupa, and the adult fly escapes 



' by eating its way through the 



141. - The Pennsylvania ^W^^*^>'* 7 ^^^(/-? pupa skin and cocoon of its host. 

 {Chaiihognathiis pennsy Ivanictis). 

 (From Riley.) In Europe three parasites are 



recorded as attacking the cod- 

 ling-moth; they are Campoplex po7norum^ Pachy/nents vubierator^ and 

 Phygadeuoii brevis. 



By far the most efficient aids to man in controlling the codling-moth 

 are the birds. Nearly all writers since Roesel's time, 1746, have 

 referred to the effective work done by the birds. Anyone who tries to 



