The Codling- Moth. 131 



Jarring or picking infested fricit from the trees. — The fact that one can 

 often easily detect the wormy fruit soon after the insect has begun work, 

 by the pile of brown excrement thrown out at the blossom-end (as shown 

 in figure 133) led several orchardists about 1870 to adopt the practice of 

 jarring or picking off such fruits and destroying them. In 1871, Mr. 

 Chapin, of East Bloomfield, N. Y., reported that by this means he was 

 able to preserve the fruit in an orchard of 100 acres, at the rate of about 

 an acre an hour, with two men and a boy. The men would knock off 

 the wormy fruit with poles about as fast as the boy could gather them 

 into baskets. This simple expedient would be practicable nowadays in 

 the case of a few trees in a door-yard, but even there eciually as successful 

 results can be secured with less labor by other methods. 



The destruction of the " windfalls.'" — Among the earliest recom- 

 mendations made for the destruction of the codling-moth, both in 

 Etirope and in this coimtry, was to destroy all " windfalls" as fast as 

 they fell. Careful experiments by Forbes and Munson have shown that 

 about 82 per cent, of these " windfalls" are caused by the codling- 

 moth ; the observations of LeBaron, Beal and Cook led them to 

 conclude that about one-half of the wormy apples which fell still 

 contained the worms ; many have also observed that the worms do 

 not remain long in " windfalls." From these facts one can readily 

 see that the prom^^t destruction of the "• windfalls " would considerably 

 lessen the numbers of the pest, but it could be only partially effective 

 since about half of the worms leave the fruits before they fall. Many 

 have reported good results from pasturing hogs or sheep in orchards 

 to eat the " windfalls," and wherever this is practicable, it would prove 

 a valuable addition to other methods of warfare. In the case of a 

 few choice trees in a door-yard, it would be a good, practicable plan 

 to gather the " windfalls " by hand every few days and destroy them 

 or feed them out to stock. 



At best, however, the destruction of " windfalls " can be only 

 partially effective against the codling-moth. 



Trapping the 7V0inns on the tree trunks or the '' banding'''' method. — 

 Upon leaving the fruit, the apple-worm preferably seeks the shelter of 

 the crevices and loose bark of the trunk of the tree before spinning its 

 cocoon. This fact was known as early as 1746, but it was not until 

 nearly a century later that Burrelle, of Massachusetts, discovered that 

 thousands of the insects may be obtained " by winding round or hang- 



