The Codling-Moth. 147 



Briefly stated^ no panacea for the codling-moth has yet been 

 found, but by thorough work with a Paris green spray, we can often save 

 at least 75 percent, of the apples that would otherwise be ruined by 

 the worms. Where more than two broods of the insect occur during 

 the season, as in Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon, New Mexico, and neigh- 

 boring localities in the West, and in the South, the poison spray is not 

 so effective, for although 75 per cent, of the first brood of worms may 

 be killed by the spray, the few worms left will form a sufficient 

 nucleus for a large and very destructive second or third brood; in 

 these locaHties the best that can be advised at present is to supplement 

 the poison spray by the old banding system. 



To use the poison spray the most effectively, one must understand 

 that it is necessary to fill the blossom-end of each apple with poison 

 within a week after the blossoms fall, for this is where the little apple- 

 worm gets its first few meals, and it is practically our only chance to 

 kill it with a spray. Watch the developing fruit after the petals fall, 

 and be sure to apply the poison before the calyx lobes close (as at a 

 and bm figure 131), for while the falling of the blossoms is the signal 

 to begin sj)rayi?ig, the closing of these calyx lobes a week or two later is 

 the signal to stop spraying. 



While we thus have no new methods to offer, and doubt if anything 



better than the poison spray will be found for combating this insect, 



we beheve that a better understanding of the " whys and wherefores " 



of the methods aheady in use will insure still greater success with 



them. 



Mark Vernon Slingerland. 



