The Codling- Moth. 149 



1 8 19. Tufts. Massachusetts Agricultural Repository and Journal, Vol. 

 v., 364-367. Apparently the first account of the insect in American 

 literature. Previous American writers had credited the plum curculio 

 with the cause of " wormy apples." Records some original breeding 

 experiments by which he was led to conclude that the cause of most 

 of the wormy apples in Massachusetts was a -moth, and not a beetle or 

 curculio. 



1825. Thatcher. American Orchardist, second edition, p. 116. Records 

 finding the worms on the trunks of the trees, and therefore advises 

 scraping ofif the rough bark and washing trunks with Forsyth's com- 

 position. Apparently the first notice of the insect in horticultural 

 books, and the first one to make any recommendations for controlling 

 the insect. 



1830. Treitschke. Die Schmetterlinge von Europa, Vol. VIII., pp. 161- 

 163. Many references to early literature. Descriptions. Brief com- 

 piled account of life-history 



1832. Harris. Discourse before the Mass. Hort. Soc, p. 42. Brief 

 remarks. Article not seen. 



1833. " Rusticus." Entomological Magazine, Vol. I., pp. 144-146. A 

 very good detailed account of the life-habits of the insect. Eggs 

 laid in the calyx-cup. One brood. Apparently the first important 

 article in the English literature. 



1833. Bouche. Garten-Insekten, pp. 113-114. Brief compiled descrip- 

 tions and account of habits. All that can be done to control it is to 

 collect and feed out all wormy fruit as fast as it falls. 



1837. Schmidberger. In Kollar's Naturg. der schad. Insecten. (For 

 English translation see Loudon and Westwood's edition of Kollar, pp. 

 229-232, date 1840). Good general account. Two broods indicated. 

 (He published an earlier and more complete account in his Natur. der 

 Obst. schad. Insecten, to which we have not had access.) 



1838. Westwood. Gardiner's Magazine, Vol. XIV., pp. 234-239. Mostly 

 a good compilation from the accounts by Reaumur and ''Rusticus." 

 One brood indicated. 



1840. Ratzeburg. Die Forst-Insecten, Vol. II., pp. 234-236, pi. 14, 



figure 7. Very good general account. Believes there is but one 



brood in North Germany, and doubts Schmidberger's account of two 

 broods in South Germany. 



1840. Burrelle. New England Farmer, Vol. XVIII., No. 48, June 3, p. 

 398. " On the Curculio." Records breeding the moth. One brood 

 only. Apparently the first one to suggest the famous ''banding" 

 method. 



