274 Bulletin 145. 



ment of these diseases, mistaking one for the other, for the treatments 

 as suggested are about the same. 



4. Spraying Experiments in the Orchard. 



For the season of '97 it was decided to make some experiments for 

 the prevention of this leaf- spot. Cayuga seemed our most convenient 

 point, and on visiting some orchards at that place, I found that a small 

 orchard owned by H. S. Wiley contained a number of trees of two 

 desirable varieties, and upon an examination of the old leaves of the 

 previous year, it was found that the leaf-spot had been present to con- 

 siderable extent. Mr. Wiley consented to have the work done, and 

 put his orchard at our disposal, as well as the use of his barrel pump; 

 and I was assisted in the work by F. T. Wiley. 



As originally planned, these experiments were designed to test the 

 effect of three standard fungicides, the number of sprayings necessary, 

 and the best time for spraying. Owing, however, to a difficulty in 

 securing certain materials for the first application, the original plan 

 could not be fully carried out. 



The three fungicides used and the formulae employed were as 

 follows J 



Bordeaux. 



Sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) 6 pounds. 



Quick lime 4 pounds. 



Water 50 gallons. 



Ammoniacal copper carbonate. 



Carbonate of copper 5 ounces. 



Strong ammonia 3 pints. 



Water 45 gallons. 



Liver of sulphur solution. 



Potassium sulphide 30 ounces. 



Water 50 gallons. 



The general arrangement of the orchard is given in the diagram 

 below. The only changes from original settings are that in row A. 

 Nos. 3, 4 and 5 are top grafted to Idaho ; in B, No. i to Vermont 

 Beauty, and throughout ^No. 8 the trees are top grafted to Kieffer, 

 Missing trees are indicated by crosses. 



