560 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



with model farms on the American plan. The picture of 

 utter devastation presented by Mr. Rhodes, as part of 

 his showing of the opportunities for American lumber- 

 men, was striking. It so impressed the representatives 

 of other lumbering regions that they agreed that it was 

 time for American lumber manufacturers of all sections 

 to unite to care for this great market, regardless of 

 whether the interested districts themselves were exporters 

 or not. This was phrased by O. T. Swan, secretary of 

 the Northern Hemlock and Hardwood IManufacturers' 

 Association, operating in Upper Michigan, Minnesota and 

 Wisconsin, when he said : 



" We must realize that anything that assists in provid- 

 ing a market for another species of lumber helps the 

 whole industry. A field that provides an outlet for south- 

 em pine relieves the hemlock territory of competition 

 from the South, from mills which are selling at perhaps 

 less than cost, to help the manufacturer secure cash to 

 keep his men at work in dull times." 



J. M. Pritchard, of Memphis, of the Gum Lumber 

 Manufacturers' Association, said: 



" We have seen the time in our Association when our 

 manufacturers were actually selling at a price below the 

 cost of production in order to keep their plants in opera- 

 tion. The extension of the market may not affect gum 

 lumber to any great extent, but it will give the gum 

 lumber manufacturers relief from some of the recent 

 disastrous competition." 



THE fly in the ointment was placed on exhibition by 

 Thorpe Babcock, of the West Coast Lumber 

 Manufacturers' Association, when he said: 

 " I just want to call your attention to the fact that, 

 owing to the ocean shipping conditions, the West Coast 

 Manufacturers, who have already at hand the exporting 

 company, are unable to fill orders, for the lack of vessels 

 in which to convey the sold lumber to the over-sea pur- 

 chaser. Before this investigation can become profitable, 

 this condition must be remedied by the providing of ships." 

 The problem of shipping, however, was left, with 

 other details of the opening up of the foreign market, to 

 the committee to be appointed by President Downman. 

 Dr. Pratt said that his bureau, which will have charge 

 of the investigation, will make its plans at once, in the hope 

 that the investigators and agents can be on their way 

 abroad by November L 



TOURIST registers are in use on many of the National 

 Forests. By registering their names and destina- 

 tion, persons going into the mountains can arrange 

 to have telegrams and other important messages for- 

 warded by the forest rangers. 



WHITE PINE CONDITIONS 



Bv Robert T. Morris, M.D. 



THE area of white pine growth extends farther 

 northward than would be indicated by the map 

 on page 389 of the July issue of American 

 EoRESTRV. I have observed fine white pine trees in mixed 

 stands as far north as the Hudson Bay post at Flving Post 

 on the Moose River. Some of these trees were con- 

 siderably more than one hundred feet in height, and I 

 measured trunks up to forty-four inches in diameter. 

 They were growing with jack pine, white and black 

 spruce, arbor vitje and tamarack, although the latter tree 

 was apparently being killed off cleanly in the whole James 

 Bay basin by saw-fly larvae. 



In connection with the saw-fly question, I can add 

 one more pine to the list of victims in the Buttrick list. 

 On my country place in Stamford, Connecticut, saw-fly 

 larvae have attacked the red pines (Pinus rigida) and 

 would have killed some of them had I not detected the 

 presence of the larvae in time, and sprayed the trees with 

 arsenate of lead. Saw-fly larvae have killed a good many 

 of my white pines at Stamford, but two species of aphis 

 are responsible for the deaths of many more, several 

 thousand young white pines, in fact. The white woolly 

 aphis has been most destructive because the yellow ground- 

 ants plant so many colonies upon the roots that the trees 

 suffer not only from the aphides but from drying of roots 

 along the ant tunnels. Another aphis of darker color and 

 of a species not determined does not attack so many of 

 my white pines, but it is very fatal to the ones that are 

 attacked, and quickly, unless I happen to notice that the 

 tree is attacked and spray it with tobacco extract. The 

 black ants serve as colonizers for this species. Paren- 

 thetically I would add that a small reddish ant colo- 

 nizes aphides, which are very destructive to Japanese, 

 Chinese and cultivated varieties of American persim- 

 mons in Connecticut. 



Among the enemies of the white pine in that State 

 must be included rabbits and red squirrels. Both of 

 these animals bite off the stems of very young pines 

 destructively, and the red squirrel will sometimes nearly 

 girdle white pines eight or ten years of age, although this 

 latter injury is not of frequent occurrence. The weevils 

 have lately attacked the few white pine trees that I had 

 managed to carry past other enemies. Of the many thous- 

 and white pine trees that have been set out upon my prop- 

 erty, varying in age from two-year-old transplants up to 

 trees seven or eight years of age planted with balls of 

 earth, it is a question if as many as fifty trees remain 

 altogether. This means that in that particular part of 

 Connecticut, at least, reforestation with the white pine 

 would be practically out of the question. 



I 



EXPERIMENTS at the Forest Products Laboratory at 

 Madison, Wisconsin, have resulted in the discovery 

 of a method whereby the yields of alcohol and 

 acetate of lime from the destructive distillation of hard- 

 woods have been increased fifteen per cent. 



THE rabies epidemic which is carried by infected 

 coyotes is spreading eastward in Utah. Rabid 

 coyotes are common in the entire western part of 

 the State, and one has been killed within thirty miles of 

 Salt Lake City. 



