GEOPHYSICAL LABORATORY. 141 



this point the pressure rises much more rapidly with the temperature than is 

 indicated by the above equation. 



It has been shown also that a transition-point of one form of solid calcium 

 carbonate into another at about 970°, reported first by H. E. Boeke, does not 

 exist. The evidence for this is both thermo-dynamic and directly experi- 

 mental. The thermo-dynamic evidence is that the pressure-temperature 

 equilibrium curve for this system shows no break until the eutectic point 

 is reached. The experimental evidence is that the most delicate measure- 

 ments failed to record any heat absorption by calcium carbonate, provided 

 dissociation or fusion were prevented, and that large crystals of calcite show 

 no tendency to fracture or to twinning, when passed repeatedly through 

 the supposed transition temperature. 



(494) X-ray diffraction effects from liquids and liquid mixtures. Ralph W. G. Wyckoff. 



Am. J. Sci., 5, 455-^64. 1923. 



Photometered results are given of the X-ray diffraction patterns from the 

 following pure liquids and their 1 : 1 (by volume) mixtures : benzene and 

 carbon tetrachloride, methylene iodide and carbon tetrachloride, glycerol and 

 water. Curves are also given for water and strong aqueous solutions of 

 potassium chloride and iron ammonium alum. These measurements are 

 in agreement with the assumption that the pattern of a liquid mixture is the 

 sum of the diffractions of its component liquids. The various hypotheses 

 concerning the source of the bands in "liquid patterns" are mentioned, 

 and it is pointed out that the present experiments favor an origin within rather 

 than between molecules, but do not exclude the possibility of their arising 

 from characteristic associations of molecules. 



(495) The scientist or engineer as reserve officer. F. E. Wright. Army Ordnance, 4, 



85-87. 1923. 



During the recent war many scientists and engineers entered the Army 

 and were assigned, as officers, to tasks and problems involving research work 

 on subjects more or less connected with their peace-time activities. These 

 men had had little military training, but functioned so successfully as tech- 

 nical experts that on retirement to civil life many were persuaded to enter 

 the Officers Reserve Corps. In order to keep these officers prepared for 

 war duty, training is required, and the question arises what kind of training 

 is best and who is responsible for giving it. An analysis of the situation leads 

 to the conclusion that responsibility rests with the Army to assign its scientist 

 officers to special tasks; to outline for each officer his particular field or group 

 of problems; to keep him in touch with the research problems of his field that 

 are being attacked within the Army; and to stimulate and maintain his 

 interest in the game by requiring of him an annual progress report on some 

 phase of the work in his field. Once the field of his war-time activities has 

 been designated, responsibility rests with the scientist reserve officer himself 

 to survey the field, to keep himself posted on the literature covering this field, 

 to keep track of and to bring into the Officers Reserve Corps the available 

 personnel throughout the country especially suitable to form a nucleus which 

 will be ready to serve in case of war and which in peace-time will continue 

 to carry on and to maintain the section through the passing years. 



(496) Prehminary tests of the gases at Sulphur Banks, Hawaii. Eugene T. Allen. Bull. 



Hawaiian Volcano Obs., 10, 89-92. 1922. 



A description of several new methods for the analysis of fumarole gases 

 and their application to the gases of the Sulphur Banks, Hawaii. The work 

 was undertaken for the elucidation of the chemical processes through which 

 the gases are transforming the rock into clay and other products, and also 



