THE KANSAS UNIVERSITY 



SCIENCE BULLETIN 



Vol. XIV.] October, 1922. [No. 7. 



Studies on CicadeUa hierogjyphica Say (Homoptera, 



Cicadellidae.) 



BY LUCY M. HACKMAN. 



Submitted to the department of entomology and to the graduate faculty of the University 

 of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts, May IS, 

 1922. 



INTRODUCTION. 



THE following notes on the life history of CicadeUa hieroglyphica 

 consist of observations made from specimens in the field and in 

 the laboratory. A growth of yomig willows along the Kansas river 

 offered a splendid opportunity for the former, for there CicadeUa 

 hieroglyphica may be found at all seasons in very large numbers. 

 The laboratory observations were made from specimens collected at 

 this place and reared on willow in the laboratory. The most satis- 

 factory results M^ere obtained when the willow was planted in large 

 glass rearing cages. The leaf hoppers could move about at will and 

 were easily observed. 



Only a general description of the abdomen is given, for the chief 

 concern of this paper is the genitalia. In tracing out the develop- 

 ment of the genitalia in the male and female, the adult genitalia 

 were used as a starting point. To trace the development, the various 

 changes in the genitalia from one instar to another were studied. A 

 study of the ventral surface of the eighth and ninth abdominal seg- 

 ments was sufficient in the case of the female, for all three genital 

 appendages are readily seen from a ventral view. But in the case 

 of the male, where the two pairs of appendages are dorsal in position 

 only, the development of the ventral ones could be traced by such a 

 study. Therefore, particular attention was given to these dorsal or 

 internal genitalia. For this purpose the pygofers were split open 



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