192 The University Science Bulletin. 



forms are the only ones found in the Mississippi valley and as far 

 west as central Kansas; they occur also in Texas, Arizona, and 

 Mexico." 



Van Duzee reports it from Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, Illinois^ 

 Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Arizona. 



HOSTS. 



Cicadella hieroglyphica may be found on several hosts. Willows 

 (Salix longi folia and Salix amygdaloides) are the most common of 

 these, but it is frequently found on poplar {Populus monilifera). 

 Occasionally it has been taken on the broad-leafed milkweed 

 {Asclepias syriaca) and on giant ragweed (Ajnbrosia trifida) . 



HIBERNATION. 



During the winter the adults hide among the fallen leaves and 

 rubbish on the ground, and appear very sluggish when disturbed. 

 On mild, sunshiny days in January numbers have been observed 

 sunning themselves upon the stems. 



SPRING APPEARANCE. 



About the middle of February, or when the willows are first be- 

 ginning to bud, the greater number are to be found on the branches 

 and stems of the willows. They are very gregarious, and often are 

 so clustered together as to completely hide the stem. At this time 

 of year they feed by sucking the sap from the stems, and give off 

 honeydew in such quantities as to cause a noticeable spray. Upon 

 close observation this honeydew is seen to be given off in a rapid 

 succession of droplets from the anal tube. Several specimens were 

 timed in the operation, and from fifteen to thirty drops were given 

 off per minute. This continues for several hours at a time while the 

 insect is feeding. Frequently this operation is accompanied by a 

 spasmodic raising and lowering of the wings, movements of the 

 abdomen, and stroking of the wings and abdomen by the long met- 

 athoracic legs. 



MATING AND OVIPOSITION. 



(Plate XVII. figs. 1-4.) 



Early in April mating takes place. By this time the willow buds 

 are beginning to unfold and oviposition begins. Numbers have been 

 watched ovipositing, both in the field and in the laboratory, and the 

 following observations made. 



The eggs are inserted in tlie tissues of the upper surface of the 

 leaf just under the epidermis. In the act of ovipositing the female 



