62 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



own personal experience goes, I would feed but twice a day, 

 grain or roots. 



Mr. Robinson. I used to turn my cattle out in the morn- 

 ing, and throw out some straw, and let them stay out during 

 the day. We had no milk in the winter then. We make but- 

 ter at our house now, and have good looking cattle. I give 

 them fair hay and plenty of it, and they drink heartily. I 

 mix two quarts of shorts with hot water, then turn in cold 

 water and give to each cow that gives milk. I keep them in 

 the barn now in cold weather, and I find that my cattle grow 

 well, and I also find that it is not impossible to make butter 

 in the winter. In regard to feeding roots : some say there is 

 a taste of the roots in the butter. I think no unpleasant taste 

 will be discovered unless cows get at the tops of turnips. 



Mr. Farrington of Orono. It seems to me that one of the 

 most important questions in connection Avith kee23ing stock, 

 is that they shall be*kept warm. If allowed to stay in a barn 

 which is not so warm as it ought to be, they should be kept 

 warm with food. One of the essentials of a barn is, that it 

 should be frost proof, and it is not a very difficult matter to 

 make it so. If your barn is so close that it does not freeze 

 inside, there is another thing that is essential, and that is 

 good ventihition. Perhaps just here the query may come up, 

 How shall I ventiLate my barn, and at the same time keep it 

 warm? The answer to it is simple. I will give the method 

 of ventilation adopted at Orono ; it is simple and cheap : — 

 There is a large cellar under the barn into which all the 

 manure the cattle make is thrown ; and we have about forty 

 head of cattle there. If there were no ventilation, there 

 would be odors from the cellar which would naturally be 

 injurious to the stock; to carry oft' these odors there are pro- 

 vided on each side four tubes which go from the cellar to the 

 eaves of the barn. They are made from simple hemlock 

 boards. The tubes are nearly four feet in width and one foot 

 deep, and through the center of each there is a partition. 

 So each tube is divided into two parts, for the aft- to go down 

 one and up the other. On one side the air is coming down, 



