AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 263 



It was thus that Lawyer Tull, travelling for his health among 

 the vineyards of France, and reflecting on the methods and 

 results of vine culture, conceived those ideas of horse- 

 husbandry, which he afterwards became a landholder for the 

 sake of reducing to practice. 



It was thus that James Smith of Deanston, Scotland, a 

 manufacturer intent on bettering the life of his workmen, 

 and substituting wholesome gardening and cow-keeping for 

 the ouzzlino' of beer and other villas^e immoralities, learned 

 those lessons in the thorough drainage and subsoil-plowing 

 of clay lands that have added millions to the wealth and 

 resources of British forms. 



It was thus that Theodore de Saussure, of Geneva, Hum- 

 phrey Davy, of London, and Justus Liebig, of Giessen, 

 initiated those studies in Ao^ricultural Chemistrv and Phvsi- 

 ology, which have added, and are to add, other millions to 

 the wealth and resources of Europe and this country. 



The mowino; machine was invented and brousrht almost to 

 perfection on the glebe of an English parsonage, by an Eng- 

 lish clergyman, Rev. Patrick Bell. The cotton gin, which 

 raised a barel}' useful plant to a sudden commercial and man- 

 ufacturing pre-eminence, was the unrewarded gift of a Xew 

 Haven school-master, Eli Whitney, to the country and the 

 world. 



Within a few years farmers, seeing the advantages to be 

 derived from uniting the resources of science with those of 

 practice, in a systematic attempt to improve the methods, 

 operations, and results of agriculture, have begun the estab- 

 lishment of the so-called Agricultural Experiment Stations. 



The object of these stations is to make a regular business 

 of discovery for the use of farming. To this end, farmers 

 have formed associations, contributed land, buildings, cattle, 

 labor, money, and whatever seemed needful or desirable to 

 prosecute this business. They hav^e undertaken it as a means 

 of making money, a moans of saving money. They have 

 wanted to know how to save and use manure, in order to 

 make good crops cheaply ; how to save and use cattle food in 



