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be regulated according to the size of the field, and the quantity of 

 water to be removed. 



If stones are used, the Deanston system requires that they should be 

 broken small, as large stones will choke narrow drains. If labor cannot 

 be procured to break the stones, the drains must be made wider at bot- 

 tom, that they may be in proportion to the size of the stones. The 

 smallest stones should always be placed in the bottom of the drain, the 

 larger over these, and then small ones again, in order to level the filling, 

 and prepare for the sod which covers the stones. These remarks allude 

 to unbroken or field stones ; when stones are broken and properly pre- 

 pared, they are all nearly of the same size. 



Six or eight inches in depth, of well broken stones will be sufficient 

 for a small drain ; ten or twelve inches will suffice for a main drain. 

 The more stones the better, but they should not be allowed to reach 

 higher than two feet from the surface ; if they rise higher, they will be 

 liable to be disturbed by the subsoil plow, or damaged by the feet of 

 horses or cattle. 



At two feet beneath the surface, the stones will be quite safe, and the 

 sod that covers them will remain undisturbed. One of the nicest points 

 in stone draining, is to seal up the stones so correctly with sods, that 

 the smallest particles of sand or clay cannot find their way into the 

 drains. The most celebrated drainers are of opinion, that water should 

 not be allowed to enter drains from the top or mouth of the drain, as it 

 always carries down fine particles of sand, or clay, which ultimately 

 prevent the flow of water at the bottom of the drains. 



When tiles are used they should be carefully and correctly laid down. 

 I prefer pipes to the present horse-shoe shaped tile, so much used in 

 Michigan. Pipes of one inch in diameter, are recommended by some 

 experienced drainers, as being perfectly sufficient. Among the advo- 

 cates of one inch pipes, is JMr. Mechi, of Tiptree Hall, England; he 

 has had considerable experience in draining, and says that one inch pipes 

 have always performed their work well, and he uses no others. On the 

 other hand, Mr. Webster, an English gentleman of great experience in 

 draining, calls them one-inch absurdities, and says he has laid down 700 

 miles of drains with double or split tile, 2 inches by 2\ in diameter. 

 These tiles come from the machine as pipes or cylinders, but having re- 

 ceivedj a longitudinal cut, in their passage through the [moulds, they 



