165 



tiles are left to cool gradually for 48 hours, when the kilns are opened 

 and they are removed. 



Draining pipes and tiles are generally made 12 inches in length. 

 The following table will show the number required to drain an acre of 

 land, at various intervals : 



Drains 21 feet apart, an acre will require 2,074 pipes. 



" 25 " « « 1 742 « 



30 •« « " 1,452 " 



" 35 " « " 1,24S « 



40 « « « 1^039 « 



" 50 « « « 871 « 



" 60 " « « 726 " 



" 66 feet or 4 rods, " « 660 " 



" 100 feet, « « 425 « 



ON LAYING PIPES IN DRAINS, 



The method of laying pipes in narrow drains is as follows: The 

 pipes or tiles are laid along the edge of the drain, when the operator, 

 standing alongside the drain, takes up each pipe on an iron spike fixed 

 at right angles to the end of a wooden handle about seven feet in 

 length, (see figure 5.) There is a stop or burr on this spike which 

 prevents the pipe from running home to the handle. When collars are 

 used this prevents them from being crushed down too far on the pipe«. 

 When the pipes or tiles are placed in the bottom of the drain they re- 

 ceive a few taps from the implement, in order to make them form cor- 

 rect joints and a perfect line. In some cases they are strung on a small' 

 pole, and when they are laid down in the drain, the pole is removed. 

 In this case the operator must stand in the drain. 



A great difference of opinion exists as to the best and most useful 

 size of pipes and tiles. In another part of this essay, I have alluded to 

 Mr. Mechi's opinions on this subject. A quotation from his writings will 

 be interesting. He says " I seldom use any larger than one-inch pipes 

 except for large springs. / am practically convinced that they are 

 larger than are required. We make sad mistakes as to water; a rope 

 of water one inch thick, when spread eight inches wide, forms a broad 

 looking stream, one eighth of an inch deep. It is perfectly ludicrous 

 to see immense six, nine and twelve inch pipes put in many cases to 



