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English grass, (P. Pratensis); and pasture grass, (P. trivicdis); to- 

 gether with white clover, (Trifolium repens). But timothy, (Phleum 

 pratense,) and the red clovers, (T. 'pratense et rejlexum,) when once 

 introduced, soon become naturalized. The latter is indigenous, and in 

 some places comes up as soon as the soil is plowed. Sedge ( Carex,) 

 in a great variety of species, abounds in the damper places, and is cut 

 in large quantities for hay. Cranberry marshes are also numerous, and 

 add to the annual export from the State. This portion of the State 

 promises to be eminent as a pasture and dairy district, but owing to its 

 dense forest, it is yet less thickly settled than many other parts of the 

 country. 



11. Aftor this belt is passed, the appearance of the State entirely 

 changes, becoming picturesque and rolling; the soil is of a lighter and 

 dryer character; the timber more scanty ; circumscribed marshes, natu- 

 ral meadows, and prairies abound ; and small lakes or ponds everywhere 

 delight the eye. The soil varies to a considerable extent, and may be 

 divided into — 1. Heavily timbered lands, chiefly along the rivers and 

 streams, generally of a deep, adhesive, loamy clay. 2. The barrens, a 

 fair calcareous soil, not deep, and thinly covered with stunted oaks. 3, 

 The white oak openings, which constitute the greater portion of this 

 part of Michigan. They resemble fine old English parks, with the 

 trees scattered in clumps, or at a considerable distance from each other, 

 springing from a rich natural soil, gorgeous with flowers and free from 

 underbrush. The soil is a thin laye? of black vegetable mould, inter- 

 mixed with gravel. The subsoil consists of mar\ limestone, pebbles, 

 sand, clay, and yellow loam. This land is eminently favorable for the 

 production of wheat, for which purpose it is probably not surpassed in 

 the United States ; but the grasses and clovers do not succeed so weU 

 without plaster and other manures. 4. The prairies, chiefly in the 

 western part of the State, and limited in size, consist of a deep, black, 

 vegetable mould, and resemble the best lands in Illinois; they are gen- 

 erally above the level of the surrounding country. 5. The burr oak 

 plains appear like cultivated orchards. The soil is composed of a mix- 

 ture of the earth of the prairies, and the white oak openings; abound- 

 ing in lime as it does, it is eminently productive, and next to the prairies 

 is preferred for agriculture. 6. The marshes, or meadows, are a strik- 

 ing and peculiar feature of the State. Exceedingly abundant, wet ia 



