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The next kind is where the object is to render the dairy and its manu- 

 factures the great source of profit. This needs more capital, more skill, 

 more labor, and a higher degree of managing capacity than the former. 

 Again, a third kind of farming is that which dispenses with all animals 

 except such as are absolutely required to perform the necessary labor, 

 and for household use ; the marketing produce in this instance consist- 

 ing of hay, grain, straw, and such vegetables as may be raised for sale. 

 Each of these systems has its advocates; each is suitable to certain 

 localities, and will prevail according to the nature of the soil, the climate, 

 and the general character of the country and its inhabitants. But the 

 highest and most prevalent kind of farming among civilized nations is 

 that which combines in a greater or lesser proportion, parts of all these 

 several kinds, according to the judgment of the farmer himself, and 

 which is called "mixed husbandry." He w'ho would carry on this kind 

 of farming successfully, must be a good workman with the plough, be 

 acquainted with the art of raising all varieties of grain, grasses and roots, 

 with the management of land, with the rotation of crops most suitable 

 for it, and the art of ameliorating it by the application of manures. 

 He must also know how to manage sheep, and be able to judge whether 

 it is most for his interest to raise them solely for the fleece, or partly 

 for the fleece and partly for the value of the carcass. He must be a 

 good grazier and stock feeder, for he will necessarily have more or less 

 stock of various kinds to feed and dispose of during the year. He 

 must have some knowledge of horse flesh also, for his young colts will 

 need a watchful master's care ; and last, though not by any means the 

 least item, will be the dairy with all the adjuncts of the cow-house, the 

 pig-sty, and the poultry-yard, and the orchard. This mixed husbandry, 

 you will see, extends over a large number of complicated departments, 

 which have all to be made subordinate to each other, and all bring 

 their respective quotas of revenue to swell the common stock. Each, 

 if properly managed, will add to the aggregate profits of the farmer, 

 and, should the season be such as to prevent one department from doing 

 well, it frequently happens that some of the others can be extended to 

 such an amount as to supply the deficiency. If the wool clip is sold at 

 a low rate, the price of grain may make it up ; if grain rules low, cattle 

 and pork may be higher. It is seldom that all fail the thrifty farmer 

 who minds his own business. 



