VERTEBRATES FROM MIOCENE, PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE. 8 1 
STRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION. 
The Florida section includes the succession from the Eocene or 
the Lower Oligocene to the recent, and the discussion of localities 
which follows is in the order of the natural sequence as nearly as 
that has been determined. 
EOCENE OR LOWER OLIGOCENE. OCALA FORMATION. 
The Ocala formation is represented in Florida by extensive and 
very pure limestones from which has been obtained, however, but 
scanty vertebrate material. Fish remains are present but are ob¬ 
served as a rule only in localities where the rock has disintegrated, 
the more resistant parts, especially the teeth of sharks and rays, 
remaining after the limestone has disappeared. Of land mammals 
none have been obtained, while of marine forms, only Basilosaurus 
(Zeuglodou ) has been found, remains of this genus having first 
been discovered imbedded in limestone at Ocala in 1888 by Mr. Jo¬ 
seph Willcox (Leidy, 1889, p. 13). 
In 1913 Dr. C. W. Cooke obtained parts of a jaw from the pit 
of the Florida Lime Company near Ocala, which has been identified 
by J. W. Gidley as Basilosanrus cetoides. In 1914 the writer ob¬ 
tained through Mr. Franz Weston from pit No. 12 of the Cummer 
Lumber Company, near Newberry, some whale vertebrae which 
have been determined by Mr. Gidley as Basilosanrus brachyspondy- 
lus .* This specimen w r as found in the hard rock, phosphate beds, 
very close to the underlying limestone from which evidently it was 
derived. Since zeuglodons have heretofore been known from the 
Jackson formation of the Eocene, their presence in the Ocala forma¬ 
tion which in recent years has been regarded as Oligocene is of 
much interest, particularly as the species appear to be identical with 
those of the Jackson formation. 
UPPER OLIGOCENE AND MIOCENE. CHATTAHOOCHEE AND 
ALUM BLUFF FORMATIONS. 
The upper Oligocene of Florida includes at the base impure 
clayey limestones, the Chattahoochee formation, which later gives 
place to the calcareous clays, calcareous and phosphatic sands, and 
fuller’s earth clays of the Alum Bluff formation. In addition to the 
terrestrial material further evidence of the nearby land areas in 
* Letter of Nov. n, 1914. 
