l6o FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
as the mineralization and manner of occurrence of the bones, es¬ 
tablish the fact that the human remains are fossils normal to this 
horizon and were not introduced into it by burial. 
That this horizon holding the human remains is of Pleistocene 
age is shown by the fauna. The fossils found with or near the 
human remains in this horizon include such characteristic Pleistocene 
species as Megalonyx jcffersonii , Chlamythcrium septentrionalis, 
Equus sp., Tapirns Jiaysii?, Mammut americanum, and Elcphas 
columbi. From this horizon as a whole has been obtained a 
large vertebrate fauna including many extinct species. 
With regard to culture, the men of the stagfe of the Pleistocene 
represented by stratum No. 2 of the section at Vero were then mak¬ 
ing flint implements, a fact fully established by the discovery in 
place in the Pleistocene bed of a spawl from such an implement. 
They apparently were also making bone implements, two of which 
have been obtained from screenings from the Pleistocene deposit. 
Tliev probably had also acquired the art or custom of engraving on 
bone, this conclusion being supported by the discovery in place in 
the Pleistocene bed of a bone and of a proboscidian tusk having 
markings which seemingly were made by tools. Further support 
of this fact is derived from the presence in the formation of small 
flints obtained from screenings which may have served as tools for 
this purpose. 
By these discoveries in Florida the contemporaneity of man with 
a Pleistocene fauna is definitely established for the first time in 
America. 
