HUMAN REMAINS AND ASSOCIATED FOSSILS FROM 
THE PLEISTOCENE OF FLORIDA. 
(Text-figures i-15 ; plates 15-31). 
E. H. SELLARDS. 
A new and very important locality for vertebrate, inverte¬ 
brate, and plant fossils was found in 1913 at Vero on the Atlantic 
Coast in Central-Eastern Florida. The feature of especial interest 
at this locality is the presence of fossil human remains in associa¬ 
tion with the Pleistocene vertebrates. Human remains have been 
found at this locality in two separate strata which differ in age, the 
one being superimposed upon the other. The contemporaneity of 
man and the Pleistocene fossils is based not upon a single discovery, 
but upon successive discoveries including bones from two human 
skeletons and in addition flints and implements made by man. The 
geologic conditions at this locality fortunately are favorable for a 
correct placing of the fossils as the older human remains are here 
found in a fresh-water stratum which rests upon marine shell marl 
and is overlaid by a laminated fluviatile deposit. Although lying 
near the surface the possibility of the human bones representing a 
recent burial is excluded by the fact that the overlying laminated 
stratum is undisturbed. The condition of preservation as well as the 
abundance of the associated Pleistocene fossils is such as to show 
that they could not have washed into this deposit from an older 
formation. There is thus conclusive evidence that the human re¬ 
mains and the associated fossils are contemporaneous. These asso¬ 
ciated fossils, including mammals, birds batrachians, reptiles and 
fishes, afford incontestable evidence of the Pleistocene age of the 
deposits. 
Of the mammalian species of this fauna a few, including chiefly 
small inconspicuous animals, have persisted to the present time, 
while the larger animals, including the elephants, mastodons, cam¬ 
els, horses, bison, tapirs and sloths have suffered extinction. With 
the exception of bison which are native to North America, horses 
which have been re-introduced from Europe and canids which are 
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