130 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
two feet, although locally where the stream cut deeply into the 
underlying bed this deposit reaches a maximum thickness of five 
or six feet. This alluvial deposit contains vertebrate and plant 
fossils and in the fresh-water marl occasional invertebrates. Hu¬ 
man remains are found in this deposit also, their place in the 
section being indicated in text-figures 1 and 2. 
Between the marine marl, No. 1 of the section, and the sand and 
marl stratum holding human and other vertebrate fossils, No. 2 of 
the section, there exists no persistent well marked break in deposi¬ 
tion. There is, however, a change from marine to fresh-water con¬ 
ditions, and accompanying this change one finds evidence of stream 
action, materials from the land having been washed in and deposited 
in channels in the marine shell marl. On the other hand there are 
places in the section where the sand and shell beds of the marine 
deposits dove-tail into the succeeding fresh-water deposits in such 
a way as to indicate continuous deposition. It is probable that 
the fresh-water deposit indicated by number 2 of the section, rep¬ 
resents at this locality, the closing phase of the marine marl forma¬ 
tion, the change to fresh-water conditions having been brought about 
by a slight shifting of the strand-line. 
Between this older stream deposit, No. 2, and the alluvial bed 
which follows, No. 3, there is on the other hand an abrupt well 
marked persistent break, the top surface of stratum No. 2 being 
extremely irregular. The alluvial bed, No. 3, the initial phase of 
which is represented by pronounced stream action, conforms to the 
irregularities of the older deposits. Stratum No. 3 represents possi¬ 
bly the filling of the stream channel which followed the late Pleisto¬ 
cene depression referred to on page 126. 
One of the abundant and easily recognized fossils of stratum 
No. 2 is the Columbian elephant, Elcphas columbi, and for con¬ 
venience of reference this stratum may be known as the Elcphas 
columbi zone or horizon. An abundant fossil in stratum No. 3 
is a deer which is referred provisionally to the modern Odocoileus 
osccola and this stratum may be known as the Odocoileus osccola 
zone. 
THE HUMAN REMAINS. 
At the time of the discovery of vertebrate fossils at Vero in 
1913, the writer suggested to Mr. Weills, who had reported the 
fossils, the possibility, which at that time seemed remote, of finding 
human bones in a bed containing such considerable numbers of 
land vertebrates. The subsequent pages of this paper will show 
