HUMAN REMAINS AND ASSOCIATED FOSSILS. 
133 
torv under the direction of the State Chemist. The results of the 
analyses are presented in the following table. All of the analyses 
included in this table were made at the same time and by the same 
methods. 
Analysis of Recent and Fossil 
Bones from 
Vero, 
Florida. 
No. 1. 
No. 2. 
No. 3. 
No. 4. 
Specific gravity - 
_ 2.0627 
2.8357 
2.6293 
2.7505 
Moisture at ioo° C. - 
_ 10.72 
2.07 
4.09 
3.89 
Volatile matter _____ 
-- 19.59 
8.92 
8.22 
10.30 
Phosphoric acid P 2 0 5 - 
—- 27.24 
32.271 
30.88 
32.00 
Calcium oxide, CaO _ _ 
39-75 
46.80 
45.69 
48.31 
Insoluble matter, silica, etc. __ 
0.60 
I.IX 
3.61 
1-39 
Iron and aluminum oxides 
0.13 
3 - 7 i 
1.85 
0.76 
No. 1 is from a recent human tibia taken from an Indian mound near Vero. 
Fla. Surv. coll. No. 553/. No. 2 is from the right tibia of a man taken in 
place in the Pleistocene bed at Vero. Fla. Surv. coll. No. 5200. No. 3 is from 
the femur of Canis sp. from the stream bed at Vero. Fla. Surv. coll. No. 5449. 
No. 4 is from the front part of the jaw of Megalonyx jeffersonii, from Vero. 
Fla. Surv. coll. No. 4374. 
The specific gravity was obtained from the finely powdered 
bone by the gravity bottle. The moisture, taken at ioo°C., in¬ 
cludes, as will be recognized, any other constituents sufficiently 
unstable to be driven off at that temperature. Volatile matter, 
likewise, represents the constituents driven off when the sample is 
maintained at red heat in a muffle for several hours, and necessarily 
includes carbon dioxide, and possibly other constituents in addi¬ 
tion to the organic matter. The phosphoric acid, calcium oxide, and 
iron and aluminum oxides were determined by standard methods. 
The analyses show, as may be seen from the table, that the fossil 
human bones are quite as well mineralized as are the associated 
bones of the Pleistocene animals. 
Since the stratum holding the bones lies near the surface the 
possibility of the human bones having been placed in it by burial 
must be considered, although in case of a burial it seems probable 
that more of the skeleton would have been found. Since being dug 
the canal has gradually widened by the caving of the banks, and at 
the place where the human bones were found the rock at the top of 
the section had broken from the ledge and lay inclined on the canal 
bank, having moved somewhat from its original position. When in 
place, however, this rock rested above the human bones. The sand 
