INSECTS AFFECTING FOREST TREES. 507 



and changing its appearance to that of a ball of white down. The winged form 

 has been described by Prof. Osborn as light reddish in color with very white wings, 

 which expand rapidly and become transparent, while the body becomes darker 

 until almost black. The antennae are 5-jointed and short. The tarsi are i-jointed, 

 with a rudimentary first joint and two claws. The forewings are folded roof-like 

 over the body, the anterior pair having a strong subcostal vein which is branched at 

 the basal third, the lower branch running parallel for a distance and then turning 

 obliquely toward the posterior margin, to which, from the same branch, two 

 oblique discoidal veins also run. The stigma is indistinct. The wingless female 

 is inclosed in a wooly mass which adheres to the bark. The legs and antenna; 

 are persistent, small, the latter being 3-jointed and the tarsi i-jointed and terminated 

 by a pair of claws. The body is elongated, pyriform during egg laying and con- 

 tracts to a globular or flattened shape afterwards or in the winter. 



Natural Enemies. This species is subject to attack by a number of natural ene- 

 mies ; among the more important may be mentioned several species of lad)^ bugs, par- 

 ticularly the 15-spotted lady bug, Auatis ocellata Linn., and the J-spotted lady bug, 

 Adalia hipunctata Linn., both species which have been observed by the writer in con- 

 siderable numbers around infested pines in Washington Park. The twiced stabbed 

 lady bug, Cliilocorus bivuliierus Muls., and the spotted lady bug, Megilla niaculata 

 DeG., have also been reported as preying upon this insect. Syrphid larvje and ant 

 lions, Clirysopa and Henierobius, are recorded by Mr. Storment as being very destruc- 

 tive to this insect. 



Remedial Measures. This insect is easily reached by sprays, and Dr. E. B. South- 

 wick observes that stiff sprays are quite efficient in combating this pest. Mr. Stor- 

 ment states that thorough spraying with kerosene emulsion in May proved very 

 efificicnt. The standard emulsion was probably diluted with 9 parts of water. In 

 case it is undesirable to use kerosene emulsion, it is probable that the insect would 

 be equally susceptible to a whale oil soap solution, i pound to 4 gallons of water, 

 or even a forcible spray of cold water would wash off large numbers of the pests. 

 This latter could be used very well where a nearby hydrant afforded suf^cient head. 



SPITTLE INSECTS. 



The t'vigs of pine are not only bored by various injurious insects but their fluids 

 are sucked from them by peculiar little hoppers which are known as Spittle Insects, 

 on account of a frothy spittle-like mass with which the young cover themselves. 

 Several species were met witli by the writer on hard pines at Karncr in 1901. The 



