VOL. III.] Contributions to Western Botany. 307 



the same as var. Wilcoxiana, Wood of P. Parryi, but I do not know 

 that that was ever characterized in print. 



GiLiA PUNGENS Benth. is vespertine. I watched it on June 19, 

 1891, and found that the flowers opened after dark and closed at 

 7:30 o'clock A. M. I noticed the same thing in G. Watsoni Gray, 

 and have no doubt that the same is true of G. Californica also. The 

 flowers of G. inconspicua and G: leptomeria I have never seen full}- 

 opened except in sunny weather. 



Tricardia Watsoni Gray I have found again in two places on 

 Dutch Mountain, Western Utah. It is very rare. 



Zygadenus paniculatus Watson is regarded as a good remedy 

 for felon. The root is baked and applied to the sore. 



Ephedra Nevadensis Watson is regarded as a cure for canker 

 in the mouth and for diarrhoea. It will also produce the piles. The 

 virtues seem tO lie almost entirely in the pitch, which, when broken 

 up, is a fine yellow powder and very powerful. 



JUNiPERUS Californicus Carr. var. Utahensis, Eng. I saw 

 this growing on the top of the Champlin Mountains, Utah, at 7,700 

 feet altitude, and all matted down and flat-topped, like Abies fallax 

 and other conifers above timber line on our highest mountains. 



/^ PiNUS MONOPHYLLA Torrey. This is very interesting in its young 

 state. Until it is about 5 years old it is scarcely distinguishable from 

 Abies. The primary leaves are an inch long, flat, and sharp. After 

 that they grow shorter and little buds begin to appear in thdr axils: 

 as these develop the leaves dry up and fall off, and there is a com- 

 plete transition from the fully developed primary leaf to the minute 

 bracts that subtend the young secondary leaves. Generally there 

 are one or two cylindrical leaves scattered along the young stems 

 and with their normal sheaths, while all around them are the primary 

 leaves. I find that the leaves of P. nwnophylla are much more ro- 

 bust and vigorous than those of the variety edidis Jones, and so it is 

 far more likely that 6'</z^/w was derived from this than that monophylla 

 was derived from it, as it can in no sense be considered a "depaupe- 

 rate form oi edulisr in addition, the cones are generally more robust 

 and better developed, though there is an endless series of all sizes 

 and shapes dependent upon the weather in August when the cones 

 are growing. I find that the formation of seeds in the Western con- 

 ifers, of our region at least, is due to the weather in August. If it 



