VOL. IV.] Trees of Southern California. 349 



and irregular. Fls. March. Attaining its greatest development 

 in the desert region, throughout which it is scattered, either 

 solitary, or rarely in small groups, on dry hillsides or in washes, 

 up to 4000 feet altitude. In similar places, but less frequent and 

 smaller, from 1500 feet altitude along the southern base of the 

 San Bernardino Range to the coast. In the Death Valley Report, 

 page 202, Mr. Coville restricts the name Y. baccata to the acau- 

 lescent forms, separating those with trunks as Y. macrocarpa 

 Coville, non Engelm. on the ground of their arborescence, smaller 

 flowers and yellowish-green leaves. 



Yucca brevi folia Engelm., Bot. King Exp. 496; Trelease, 4th 

 Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 193. Y. arborescens Trelease 3d Rep. 163; 

 Merriam, N. A. Fauna vii, 353; Coville, Death Vail. Rep. 201. 

 Uncouth tree, angularly branched, 30 feet high, trunk 18 inches 

 in diameter. Fls. April; Fr. August. On dry benches and hills 

 along the northern base of the San Bernardino Range, from 

 Cushenberry Springs to Gorman's Ranch, at the upper end of 

 Antelope Valley, occupying a belt between 2500 and 4000 feet alti- 

 tude and forming an open forest, interrupted in places, and vary- 

 ing in width, the greatest said to be opposite the Cajon Pass, 12 

 miles (Merriam), where a few trees are also found a short distance 

 south of the summit. At Cactus Station, at the head of Cushen- 

 berry Caflon, there is a considerable grove at 5000 feet altitude 

 at the Upper edge of the pifion belt. An interrupted belt is also 

 found between Daggett and Pilot Knob (Merriam). 



Washi7igio7iia filifera Wendl. W. robusta Wendl. Handsome 

 tree 60 feet high, the trunk 3 feet in diameter. A cultivated tree 

 at lyos Angeles, 42 years old, measures 60 feet in height and 

 10 feet 7 inches in circumference. One at San Bernardino in 

 adobe soil, 22 years old, is 32 feet high and 9 feet 2 inches in 

 circumference. Flowers on the desert in June, and fruit ripens 

 in September; cultivated trees at San Bernardino flower in 

 August, fruit ripening in February. This palm grows, often in 

 extensive groves, in wet and usually alkaline soil at the bases of 

 the mountains along the eastern borders of the depression in the 

 Colorado desert once occupied by an inland sea; a few scattered 

 trees mark the channel by which it was connected with the Gulf 

 of California {Orcutt.) The groves extend for several miles up 



