II. One Way of Drawing Trees in 

 Their Winter Aspects. 



CHARLES \V. FURLONG. 



The few suggestions which are set forth on these pages are 

 based upon two assumptions : — first, that the teacher has some 

 knowledge of the most salient principles of elementary perspec- 

 tive : and second, a love for all things beautiful. It is not 

 feasible to deal here to any extent with art in either its abstract 

 or concrete form, but only with drawing. 



Drawing, in its simplest analysis, is the ability to record objects 

 as thej' appear to the normal eye. There are no outlines in nature. 



Art is more complicated. It includes many elements, a tew of 

 which are composition, expression of movement, and action. 

 The very thought, feeling and refinement of the artist must be 

 expressed in his work. He must tell not only what he sees, but 

 also what he feels. 



The boundaries, shaues and character of various forms are 

 determined by the difference of their color values, and the con- 

 trasts of light and shade. Yet an outline drawing is the simplest 

 means of representing form and proportion. Although inade- 

 quate in many respects, this somewhat conventional rendering is 

 all-important to the beginner, for it is absolutely necessary that 

 the child be taught to observe forms and proportions correctly ; 

 and these impressions may be recorded most simply and definitely 

 by outline drawings. Michael Angelo emphasized its importance 

 in these words: "The science of drawing or of outline is the 

 essence of painting and all the fine arts, and the root of all the 



sciences." 



To a great extent, one may show in an outline drawing the 

 character and texture of surfaces. Our main object should be 

 to train the boys and girls to observe in order to acquire a correct- 

 ness of preception, for "education amongst us consists too much 

 in telling, not enough in training." 



One of the greatest difficulties is to impress upon the minds of 

 beginners the fact that they must think while they look and 

 draw Insist upon the pupil looking repeatedly at the object. 



