156 



The cone of the Norway spruce is nearly as long as that of the 

 white pine, but it is not so rough and coarse as the white pine 

 cone is. The cones are usually borne on the tips of small branch- 

 lets, although occasionally one is found borne in the manner shown 

 in Fig. 47. The cones usually fall the first winter. 



The Norway spruce is not a native of 



this country, but, like the Scotch and 



Austrian pines, it was introduced from 



mVi'Lv a u ^^^"^^i Europe and is grown very widely as an 



ornamental tree. It is the commonest 

 evergreen in 3'ards and parks. 



The black spruce and its kin. 



There are several different kinds of 

 spruces which we find growing in 



which we find 

 our forests and swamps, and sometimes 

 these are planted for ornament. 



A sprig of foliage and a cone of one 

 of these, — the black spruce, — is shown in 

 Fig. 48. The foliage is not very unlike 

 that of the Norway spruce, but the cones 

 are very small in comparison. They are 

 about one inch long, though they vary 

 considerably in size. Before they open 

 they are oval or plum-shape, but when 

 mature and the scales of the cone have 

 expanded, they are nearly globular. 

 They are often borne in clusters, as well 

 as singly, and persist for many years 

 after the seeds have fallen. The posi- 

 tion of the cones will depend upon their age. When young, 

 they point upward, but they gradually turn downward. 



The white spruce resembles the black very closely in general 

 appearance. The leaves of the white spruce have a whitish or 

 dusty looking tinge of color and when crushed or bruised, give 

 forth a peculiar disagreeable odor. The cones vary in length 

 from an inch to two inches, and in shape are more cylin- 

 drical or finger-shaped than the cone of the black spruce. 



47. Cone of Norway spruce. 

 Half size. 



