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Summary on the Kinds of Common Evergreens. 



The white piiie (Pinus Strobus). — Leaves in clusters of five, soft 

 and slender ; cones five or six inches long, slightly curved ; 

 bark smooth except on the trunks and larger limbs of old 

 trees, where it is fissured. 



The pitch pine (Pinus rigida). — Leaves in clusters of three, from 

 three to four inches long, rather rigid ; cones two to three 

 inches long, often in clusters of two or more but frequently 

 borne singly, persisting long after the seeds have been shed ; 

 bark more or less rough on the young growth and deeply 

 fissured on the trunks of old trees. 



The Scotch pine (Pinus sj'lvestris) . — Leaves usually in clusters of 

 two, from two to four inches long, rigid, of a bluish-green 

 hue when seen in a large mass on the tree : cones two to three 

 inches long and the scales tipped with a beak or prickle. 



The Aiistria7i pi?ie (Pinus Austriaca). — Leaves in clusters of two, 

 five or six inches long and somewhat rigid, dark green in 

 color and persisting for four or five years ; cones about three 

 inches long, conical in shape and scales not beaked or pointed 

 as in the Scotch pine. 



Jlic Norway spruce (Picea excelsa). — Leaves borne singly, about 

 one inch long, dark green, four sided ; cones about six inches 

 long, and composed of thin scales, and usually borne on the 

 tips of branchlets. The small branches mostl}^ drooping. 



The black spruce (Picea nigra). — In general appearance, this is 

 not very unlike the Norway spruce, but the small branches 

 stand out more horizontally and the cones are only one or 

 one and one-half inches long, recurving on short branches. 

 The cones persist for several 3^ears after shedding the seed. 



The white spruce (Picea alba). — Leaves about one inch long, 

 having a glaucous or whitish tinge ; twigs stout and rigid, 

 of a pale greenish white color ; cones from one to two and one- 

 half inches long, more or less cylindrical or " finger-shape," 

 and easil}^ crushed when dry. 



The red spruce (Picea rubra). — The foliage lacks the whitish 

 tinge of the white pruce and is of a dark or dark yellowish 

 color ; twigs stouter than those of the black spruce and not 



