108 Agricultural Experiment Station^ Ithaca, N, Y. 



as was desired, and it did not throw the spray far enough for our 

 purpose, although several nozzles were tried. In the vineyard, how- 

 ever, the machine did admirable work and the sprayed vines yielded 

 an ahnost perfect crop of fruit. It can also be used to advantage 

 in spraying potatoes and other low growing crops, but for orchards 

 this class of machines is as yet of doubtful value. The hand pump 

 has the great advantage of allowing the operator to apply as much 

 liquid as desired upon any given part of the tree. When such a 

 pump is placed upon the side of a barrel, or on a tank having any 

 desired capacity, and then placed upon the wagon so that it can be 

 hauled into the orchard, it makes a very seviceable outfit. 



The nozzle which has been used during the past three years is the 

 McGowen, manufactured by Mr. J. J. McGowen of this city. Most 

 of the new nozzles have been tried, but none have yet been found 

 equal to this one for spraying trees. 



Figure 13 represents a very serviceable outfit when but little 

 work is to be done, and no large plants are to be treated. The barrel 

 holds about fifteen gallons. It can be drawn quite easily even upon 

 soft ground for the tires of the wheels are broad. The pump is 

 light and powerful, and has answered our purpose in many places. 



The weather. — The past spring and summer were remarkable for 

 the great extremes of rainfall and of drought. This applies partic- 

 ularly to the central New York region, for here the rain appears to 

 have been more continuous than in other sections. The oflicial 

 record of the signal service station situated at Ithaca shows the fol- 

 lowing rainfall from April 1st to October 1st. The sign -|- denotes 

 increase over the average, and the sign — a decrease : 



310 nth. 



Number of days during 

 which rain fell 



Total rainfall in inches 



Departure from the average 

 for the mouth 



Septem- 

 ber. 



13 

 5.17 



+1-23 



It will be seen that April was an exceptionally wet month ; May 

 shows an increase over the average of 3.10 inches. The precipi- 

 tation during the first week in June was also heavy. The records 



