lOG Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y. 



the orchard of John J. McGowen, wlio again kindly placed his 

 trees at our disposal. The orchard has now been treated by this 

 station for three years, and it offers in several respects an excellent 

 field for work of this character. In a previous bulletin * a full de- 

 scription of the orchard has been given, so that all the conditions 

 under which the experiments were carried on might be understood. 

 Brief descriptions of the apple scab and of the codlin moth have also 

 been published.f These two pests are the most serious ones against 

 which the apple growers of this vicinity have to contend, and it has 

 been found that by keeping them well under control the foliage and 

 the fruit of the trees remain almost perfectly healthy throughout 

 the season. 



But the question is constantly before us as to how we can best 

 control these two enemies of the apple grower. The present 

 methods employed are in a great many ways unsatisfactory. The 

 labor of making the application is diflicult and unpleasant ; the best 

 time to spray is still a matter of doubt ; the amount of liquid to use, 

 the best methods of preparing it, and a host of other unsolved prob- 

 lems are continually arising and demanding answers. These can not 

 be definitely given when based on the work of only one season. 

 One point and then another must be carefully studied, and the 

 greater the delay in coming to a final conclusion, the greater should 

 be its accuracy. 



The TrhaGliinery. — The selection of spraying machinery has 

 proved to be somewhat unsatisfactory. The pumps which have 

 given the best satisfaction are hand pumps constructed practically 

 upon the model of Gould's " Standard," Fig. 905, of their catalogue. 

 Nearly every pump manufacturer makes this style of pump and I 

 have still to learn that one is any better than another. These pumps 

 are comparatively cheap ; they are very powerful and durable. Sev- 

 eral pumps, smaller as well as larger ones, have been tried at this 

 Station, but the above type has proved to be the least unsatisfactory. 

 The one used has the serious objection, especially when much work 

 is to be done, of being too small. 



This fact has led us to try horse-power sprayers in apple 

 orchards. Every man \vho sprays will welcome with delight any 



* Corneil Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 60, p. 257. 

 t Ihid. Bulletin 48, p. 266, et seq. 



